A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Clinical findings associated with this disease are

Bounding pedal pulses.

Pedal edema relieved with leg elevation.

Loss of leg hair and shiny skin.

Incompetent valves of the blood vessels in the leg.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. In PAD, the pulses in the legs are often weak or absent, not bounding.

B. Pedal edema is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than PAD, and elevating the legs may not alleviate the edema.

C. Loss of leg hair and shiny skin are classic signs of PAD due to reduced blood flow to the extremities, which leads to skin changes and hair loss.

D. Incompetent valves and venous insufficiency are more related to conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency, not PAD.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Benign prostatic hypertrophy is a condition affecting the prostate in men, so it is not applicable in this case.

B. Ovarian cancer may cause pelvic pain, but the specific symptoms of abnormal discharge and acute pain suggest a more immediate infection rather than cancer.

C. A kidney stone typically presents with flank pain and may cause urinary symptoms, but it would not typically cause vaginal discharge.

D. A chlamydia infection can cause abnormal vaginal discharge and pelvic pain, and it is a common sexually transmitted infection presenting with these symptoms, consistent with the patient's history.

A. is dehydrated; the body is compensating by "hanging onto water." B. has an acute kidney injury; the specific gravity indicates very concentrated urine. C. is developing renal tissue impairment; the kidney is not able to concentrate urine. D. has testicular cancer; the specific gravity indicates an undescended testis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates very dilute urine, not concentrated. This would not be typical of dehydration, where urine would be concentrated with a high specific gravity.

B. Acute kidney injury (AKI) typically results in more concentrated urine due to retained waste products; therefore, specific gravity would likely be higher, not at the minimum level of 1.000.

C. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates the kidney’s inability to concentrate urine, often seen in renal impairment where kidney function is compromised, leading to very dilute urine.

D. Specific gravity is unrelated to testicular cancer or an undescended testis, as it measures kidney concentration ability rather than reproductive health.

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A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Clinical findings associated with this disease are

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Clinical findings associated with this disease are