Which one statement is true?
VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD but has a much less severe negative impact on the circulatory system.

A patient with kyphosis and a measured VQ ratio of 0.6 has a decreased ability of inhaling air into their alveoli.

Clinical manifestations seen in a patient with respiratory acidosis are tachypnea and tingling of the fingers.

The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.

C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.

D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use and nasal flaring may occur, but wheezing on exhalation is more typical in lower respiratory issues, such as asthma.

B. Thick mucus plugs and clubbing of the fingers are often associated with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis, not croup.

C. Croup is a viral illness commonly presenting with fever, a characteristic “barking” cough, increased respiratory rate, and inspiratory stridor due to upper airway obstruction.

D. Frothy pink sputum and crackles are more indicative of pulmonary edema rather than croup.

A. increase platelet adhesion to prevent plaque development. B. increase preload to increase cardiac workload. C. constrict coronary arteries to decrease ischemia. D. decrease afterload to maximize cardiac output (CO).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Medications in unstable angina aim to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, not increase platelet adhesion.

B. Increasing preload would increase cardiac workload, which is counterproductive in managing unstable angina, as the goal is to reduce workload on the heart.

C. Constricting coronary arteries would worsen ischemia and exacerbate unstable angina, not help it.

D. Decreasing afterload (the resistance the heart must pump against) reduces the workload on the heart, helping to improve cardiac output and alleviate ischemia in unstable angina.

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Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

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Which one statement is true?
VQ ratio: norm = 0.8