Which one statement is true?
VQ ratio: norm = 0.8
Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD but has a much less severe negative impact on the circulatory system.
A patient with kyphosis and a measured VQ ratio of 0.6 has a decreased ability of inhaling air into their alveoli.
Clinical manifestations seen in a patient with respiratory acidosis are tachypnea and tingling of the fingers.
The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.
The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.
C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.
D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Preload is typically increased in LHF, as blood backs up in the left side of the heart.
B. Although pleural effusion can occur as a secondary complication in some cases of heart failure, it is not as directly indicative of LHF as pulmonary edema.
C. Peripheral edema is more characteristic of right heart failure, where blood backs up in the systemic circulation.
D. Pulmonary edema is a hallmark finding in left heart failure as the left ventricle fails to pump effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs due to back pressure from the left atrium into the pulmonary veins.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Aortic atherosclerosis and mitral insufficiency could lead to some symptoms of congestion but would not fully explain jugular venous distension and liver congestion.
B. Aortic valve stenosis and left heart failure primarily affect left-sided heart function, which typically does not present with jugular venous distension or peripheral edema.
C. Bronchogenic cancer and diaphoresis do not explain the cardiovascular symptoms present in this case.
D. Pulmonic valve stenosis can lead to right heart failure, causing systemic venous congestion, which results in JVD, liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema, thus accounting for all aspects of the patient's presentation.
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