While speaking to his neighbor about his recent health problems, a man describes his pain as "tightness across his chest which worsens with strenuous activity but completely goes away when the activity is stopped." He most likely received a diagnosis of

Stable angina.

Pulmonary embolus.

Myocardial infarction.

Unstable angina.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Stable angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs with physical exertion or stress and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin.

B. Pulmonary embolus typically causes sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and possible hemoptysis, but not a pattern that resolves with rest or cessation of activity.

C. Myocardial infarction (MI) typically causes prolonged chest pain that does not resolve quickly and is not relieved by rest.

D. Unstable angina is more severe than stable angina, occurring at rest or with minimal activity, and does not resolve quickly. It also increases in frequency and intensity over time.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hydronephrosis may lead to renal dysfunction but does not directly explain the altered mental status or confusion in this context.

B. Uremic encephalopathy occurs due to the accumulation of waste products, particularly urea, in the bloodstream, which can lead to neurotoxicity and confusion.

C. Metabolic alkalosis does not typically cause confusion; it is more related to acid-base disturbances and does not develop from over-secretion of bicarbonate in renal failure.

D. Hypotension due to hypophosphatemia is not a common cause of confusion, and while electrolyte imbalances can affect mental status, this option does not directly connect with renal failure.

A. Hematuria and proteinuria. B. Venous Insufficiency. C. Increased elastase activity. D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.

B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.

C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.

D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.

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While speaking to his neighbor about his recent health problems, a man describes his pain as "tightness across his chest which worsens with strenuous activity but completely goes away when the activity is stopped." He most likely received a diagnosis of

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with a history of renal failure presents with confusion. This altered mental status is characteristic of

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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