A nurse is caring for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the patient exhibits episodes of confusion, is difficult to arouse from sleep and has rigid extremities.

Based on these clinical findings, the nurse should document what stage of hepatic encephalopathy?

Stage 4

Stage 3

Stage 1

Stage 2

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

This presentation of hepatic encephalopathy includes severe manifestations, such as profound confusion, difficulty in arousal, and the presence of rigidity, indicating advanced neurological impairment. This places the patient in Stage 4, which is the most severe stage of hepatic encephalopathy.

Choice B reason:

Stage 3 is characterized by severe symptoms, such as drowsiness, anxiety, seizures, severe personality changes, confused speech, and shaky hands.

Choice C reason:

Stage 1 is characterized by mild symptoms, such as difficulty thinking, personality changes, poor concentration, and problems with handwriting.

Choice D reason

Stage 2 is characterized moderate symptoms, such as confusion, forgetfulness, poor judgment, and a musty or sweet breath odor.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

IV hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic that can provide effective pain relief and can be titrated to the patient's needs. It's commonly used for severe pain associated with conditions like acute pancreatitis.

Choice B reason:

Oral naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may be used for pain relief, but it's not the first-line treatment for acute pancreatitis. NSAIDs can potentially worsen the condition due to their effects on the gastrointestinal tract.

Choice C reason:

IM meperidine is an opioid analgesic that can be used for pain relief. However, in severe cases of acute pancreatitis, IV opioids are often preferred for more immediate and precise pain control.

Choice D reason:

Oral oxycodone is another opioid analgesic. However, in cases of acute pancreatitis, especially when pain is severe, IV opioids are often the preferred route of administration for more rapid and reliable pain relief.

Correct Answer is ["10"]

Explanation

Read the medication label carefully and check the dosage and concentration of Ceclor.
The label shows that Ceclor is available as a suspension with 250 mg/5 mL.
To calculate the volume of medication needed, use the formula: Volume = Dose / Concentration
Plug in the values from the order and the label: Volume = 0.5 g / (250 mg/5 mL)
Convert grams to milligrams by multiplying by 1000: Volume = 500 mg / (250 mg/5 mL)
Simplify the fraction by dividing both numerator and denominator by 250: Volume = 2 / (1/5)
Invert and multiply the fractions: Volume = 2 x 5
Solve for volume: Volume = 10 mL
The patient will receive 10 mL of Ceclor suspension.

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A nurse is caring for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the patient exhibits episodes of confusion, is difficult to arouse from sleep and has rigid extremities. Based on these clinical findings, the nurse should document what stage of hepatic encephalopathy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. The nurse is addressing the diagnosis of Acute Pain Related to Pancreatitis. What pharmacologic intervention is most likely to be ordered for this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The physician has ordered Ceclor 0.5 g to be administered orally now. Below you will see the medication label for this medication. How many milliliters of this medication will this patient receive?

Correct Answer is ["10"]

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the patient exhibits episodes of confusion, is difficult to arouse from sleep and has rigid extremities. Based on these clinical findings, the nurse should document what stage of hepatic encephalopathy?

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