A nurse is caring for a young woman with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which finding should confirm the nurse’s suspicion?

Choice A reason: Bias in mental health is not limited to inpatient settings; it occurs across outpatient, community, and emergency care. Stigmatizing attitudes can affect all healthcare interactions, as providers may unconsciously judge patients with mental health diagnoses, impacting care quality. This statement is inaccurate as it underestimates the pervasive nature of bias.

Choice B reason: Bias is often unconscious, not always a conscious act. Implicit biases, rooted in societal stereotypes, can influence healthcare providers’ attitudes toward mental health patients without deliberate intent. This statement is incorrect because it ignores the significant role of unconscious bias in perpetuating stigma in mental health care.

Choice C reason: Favoring clients based on their mental health diagnosis is a clear indication of bias, as it involves differential treatment based on stereotypes or assumptions. This can lead to unequal care, such as prioritizing certain diagnoses over others. This statement is incorrect, as it falsely denies a common form of bias.

Choice D reason: Negative stigmatization of mental illness is a well-documented issue in healthcare. It leads to biases where patients with mental health conditions are often judged, undertreated, or dismissed. This stigma can affect care delivery across settings, making this statement accurate and essential for discussion with a newly licensed nurse.

Choice A reason: A dose of 0.2 g (200 mg) requires 2 capsules of 100 mg each, not 3. Administering 3 capsules would deliver 300 mg, exceeding the prescribed dose, potentially causing toxicity due to phenytoin’s narrow therapeutic index, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: “None of the above” is incorrect, as the calculation for 0.2 g (200 mg) divided by 100 mg per capsule yields exactly 2 capsules. A precise dose is possible with the available capsules, so this option does not apply to the scenario.

Choice C reason: Converting 0.2 g to 200 mg and dividing by 100 mg per capsule results in 2 capsules per dose. This matches the prescription exactly, ensuring therapeutic levels of phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, are administered safely, making this the correct choice.

Choice D reason: One 100 mg capsule provides only half the prescribed 0.2 g (200 mg) dose. This underdosing could lead to subtherapeutic phenytoin levels, risking seizures in a patient dependent on this anticonvulsant, making this choice incorrect.