A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has been diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse notes the following:
When planning care for this client, the nurse should anticipate a provider's prescription for which of the following?
Insulin therapy and fluid replacement
Glucagon injection and potassium supplements
Bicarbonate infusion and sodium restriction
Dextrose infusion and diuretics
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Insulin therapy and fluid replacement are the main treatments for DKA, as they lower the blood glucose level and correct the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance caused by osmotic diuresis and acidosis.
Choice B reason: Glucagon injection and potassium supplements are not indicated for DKA, as they may worsen the hyperglycemia and the hyperkalemia. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release more glucose into the bloodstream, while potassium supplements may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Choice C reason: Bicarbonate infusion and sodium restriction are not the first-line treatments for DKA, as they may have adverse effects on the acid-base balance and the fluid status. Bicarbonate infusion may cause paradoxical cerebral acidosis and hypokalemia, while sodium restriction may exacerbate the hyponatremia and the hypovolemia.
Choice D reason: Dextrose infusion and diuretics are contraindicated for DKA, as they may increase the blood glucose level and the dehydration. Dextrose infusion may trigger a rebound hyperglycemia, while diuretics may cause further fluid and electrolyte loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A: The reason why the child is taking the medication
It is essential for the nurse to explain why the child is taking the medication. This helps the parents or caregivers understand the importance of the medication and ensures they are more likely to adhere to the prescribed treatment plan. Knowing the reason for the medication can also help in recognizing the signs of improvement or any potential issues that may arise during the course of treatment.
Choice B: The adverse effects of the medication
Informing the parents or caregivers about the potential adverse effects of the medication is crucial. This knowledge allows them to monitor the child for any side effects and seek medical attention if necessary. It also helps in managing expectations and reduces anxiety if any common side effects occur.
Choice C: Stopping the medication when the child feels better
This is not a correct choice. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if the child starts feeling better. Stopping the medication prematurely can lead to incomplete treatment of the infection and may contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Choice D: Written information about the medication
Providing written information about the medication is important as it serves as a reference for the parents or caregivers. This information can include dosage instructions, potential side effects, and any other relevant details. Written instructions help ensure that the medication is administered correctly and consistently.
Choice E: Using a kitchen spoon to administer the medication
This is not a correct choice. Using a kitchen spoon to administer medication is not recommended as it can lead to inaccurate dosing. It is important to use a proper measuring device, such as an oral syringe or a medication cup, to ensure the correct dosage is given.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement shows that the parents understand that toddlers need a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from different food groups. The quality of food is more important than the quantity, as toddlers may have erratic eating patterns and may not consume large amounts of food at one time.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as toddlers typically have a decreased appetite compared to infants. This is due to their slower growth rate and increased interest in other activities. Parents should not force their toddlers to eat more than they want, but rather offer them healthy snacks and meals throughout the day.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as toddlers do not need vitamin supplements unless they have a specific deficiency or medical condition. Giving vitamins to a picky eater may not address the underlying causes of their food preferences, such as texture, taste, or appearance. Parents should encourage their toddlers to try new foods and avoid using food as a reward or punishment.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as toddlers do not need 3,000 calories per day. The average daily caloric intake for a toddler is about 1,000 to 1,400 calories, depending on their age, weight, and activity level. Parents should not overfeed their toddlers or give them high-calorie foods that may lead to obesity or malnutrition.
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