A nurse is caring for an older adult who lives in a long-term care facility on the Alzheimer unit. Every evening around 5:00 p.m., the resident becomes increasingly agitated and more confused, a state that lasts throughout the evening. The nurse recognizes this behaviour as:

personality disorder.

dementia.

delirium.

sundowning syndrome.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Personality disorder. Personality disorders are long-term patterns of behaviour and inner experiences that deviate significantly from the expectations of the individual's culture. The described behaviour is a specific pattern related to the time of day, not indicative of a personality disorder.
B. Dementia. While dementia is the underlying condition, the specific worsening of symptoms in the evening is known as sundowning syndrome. Dementia alone does not specify the time-related pattern of increased confusion and agitation.
C. Delirium. Delirium is an acute, often sudden change in cognition and attention, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or substance use. The described behavior follows a regular daily pattern, indicating a different issue.
D. Sundowning syndrome. Sundowning syndrome refers to increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon and evening, commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for a majority of cases.
B. Parkinson disease can cause dementia, but it is less common than Alzheimer's disease.
C. Medications: Certain medications can cause reversible cognitive impairment but are not the most common cause of dementia.
D. Multi infarct dementia (vascular dementia) is a common cause, but Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent.

A. Site of the lesions B. Severity of the symptoms C. Surface area of the lesions D. Symptomatology of the lesions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Site of the lesions: The site of the lesions is addressed by the "S" in some mnemonics, but in PQRST, it refers to severity.

B. Severity of the symptoms: In the PQRST mnemonic for pain assessment, "S" stands for severity, referring to how intense or bothersome the symptoms are.

C. Surface area of the lesions: Surface area is not typically included in the PQRST mnemonic but may be relevant for other assessments.

D. Symptomatology of the lesions: Symptomatology encompasses the overall symptoms but is not specifically what "S" represents in PQRST.

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A nurse is caring for an older adult who lives in a long-term care facility on the Alzheimer unit. Every evening around 5:00 p.m., the resident becomes increasingly agitated and more confused, a state that lasts throughout the evening. The nurse recognizes this behaviour as:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The home health nurse assessing skin lesions uses the PQRST mnemonic as a guide. What does the S in this guide indicate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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