A nurse is caring for four clients who have various types of drainage tubes.
Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for hypokalemia?

Choice A rationale

Increasing the rate of maintenance IV infusion is not the first action the nurse should take when observing that the fetal heart rate begins to slow after the start of a contraction and the lowest rate occurs after the peak of the contraction. This pattern is known as late decelerations and is often associated with fetal hypoxemia due to insufficient placental perfusion.

Choice B rationale

The nurse should first place the client in the lateral position. This position can improve placental blood flow and may help to resolve the late decelerations.

Choice C rationale

Administering oxygen using a nasal cannula may be beneficial, but it is not the first action the nurse should take. The priority is to improve placental blood flow, which can be achieved by changing the client’s position.

Choice D rationale

Elevating the client’s legs is not the first action the nurse should take. This action would not directly address the issue of late decelerations.

Choice A rationale

Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone is not the major cause of the onset of menopause and the resulting atrophy of the vulvar organs. The major cause is decreased estrogen.

Choice B rationale

Increased levels of prostaglandin are not the major cause of the onset of menopause and the resulting atrophy of the vulvar organs. The major cause is decreased estrogen.

Choice C rationale

Decreased estrogen is the major cause of the onset of menopause and the resulting atrophy of the vulvar organs. During perimenopause, less estrogen may cause the tissues of the vulva and the lining of the vagina to become thinner, drier, and less elastic or flexible.

Choice D rationale

Increased luteinizing hormone is not the major cause of the onset of menopause and the resulting atrophy of the vulvar organs. The major cause is decreased estrogen.