A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients.
Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?

The patient who has left-sided heart failure and has a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 600 pg/mL.

The patient who has been NPO since midnight for endoscopy.

The patient who has gastroenteritis and is febrile.

The patient who has end-stage renal failure and is scheduled for dialysis today.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
While heart failure can lead to fluid volume imbalances, a BNP level of 600 pg/mL alone does not indicate a risk for fluid volume deficit.
Choice B rationale

Being NPO since midnight for an endoscopy could potentially lead to fluid volume deficit, but it’s not the most likely choice. Typically, patients are adequately hydrated before and after the procedure.
Choice C rationale
A patient with gastroenteritis and a fever is at high risk for fluid volume deficit. Gastroenteritis can cause significant fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea, and fever increases insensible water loss.
Choice D rationale
While patients with end-stage renal failure can have fluid volume imbalances, they are more likely to experience fluid volume excess, especially if they are due for dialysis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
A stool guaiac test is a simple check to find blood in your stool. It involves smearing a tiny amount of your stool on a special card, which is then tested for hidden blood. This test helps detect problems like bleeding ulcers or colon cancer in an early stage when they might not show other symptoms. The stool guaiac test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample. It can find blood even if you cannot see it yourself. It is a common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Guaiac is a substance from a plant that is used to coat the FOBT test cards to make them able to detect blood.
Choice B rationale
Steatorrhea refers to the presence of excess fat in the stool. While this can be a symptom of various digestive disorders, it is not what a stool guaiac test is designed to detect. The primary purpose of a stool guaiac test is to identify hidden blood in the stool, which can be an indicator of conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding or colon cancer.
Choice C rationale
While bacteria can be present in the stool and certain tests are designed to detect them, a stool guaiac test is not one of these. The stool guaiac test is specifically designed to detect the presence of hidden blood in the stool. The presence of blood can indicate a variety of conditions, including gastrointestinal bleeding or colon cancer.
Choice D rationale
Yeast can be present in the stool, and certain tests can detect it. However, a stool guaiac test is not designed to detect yeast. The primary purpose of a stool guaiac test is to identify hidden

blood in the stool, which can be an indicator of conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding or colon cancer.

A. “You should increase your daily intake of protein.”. B. “You should decrease your caloric intake when abdominal pain is present.”. C. “You should increase fat intake when experiencing loose stools.”. D. “You should limit alcohol intake to 2-3 drinks per week.”. .

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Increasing daily protein intake is often recommended for clients with chronic pancreatitis. Protein is needed for healing and repairing tissues, and people with chronic pancreatitis may have increased protein needs.
Choice B rationale
Decreasing caloric intake when abdominal pain is present is not typically recommended for clients with chronic pancreatitis. Adequate nutrition, including sufficient calories, is important for managing this condition.
Choice C rationale
Increasing fat intake when experiencing loose stools is not typically recommended for clients with chronic pancreatitis. Fat can be difficult to digest for these clients and can contribute to loose stools.
Choice D rationale

Limiting alcohol intake to 2-3 drinks per week is not typically recommended for clients with chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol can exacerbate pancreatitis and should be avoided.

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A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients. Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?

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A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients.
Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?