A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients.
Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?

The patient who has left-sided heart failure and has a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 600 pg/mL.

The patient who has been NPO since midnight for endoscopy.

The patient who has gastroenteritis and is febrile.

The patient who has end-stage renal failure and is scheduled for dialysis today.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
While heart failure can lead to fluid volume imbalances, a BNP level of 600 pg/mL alone does not indicate a risk for fluid volume deficit.
Choice B rationale

Being NPO since midnight for an endoscopy could potentially lead to fluid volume deficit, but it’s not the most likely choice. Typically, patients are adequately hydrated before and after the procedure.
Choice C rationale
A patient with gastroenteritis and a fever is at high risk for fluid volume deficit. Gastroenteritis can cause significant fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea, and fever increases insensible water loss.
Choice D rationale
While patients with end-stage renal failure can have fluid volume imbalances, they are more likely to experience fluid volume excess, especially if they are due for dialysis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Maintaining systolic BP between 136 and 140 mm Hg is not recommended for clients who have hypertension and have experienced a TIA789. Studies have shown that maintaining a lower systolic BP can help reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.
Choice B rationale
The client should aim to maintain systolic BP between 120 and 129 mm Hg. This range is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke. Lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive therapy can help achieve this target.
Choice C rationale

Maintaining systolic BP between 141 and 145 mm Hg is not recommended for clients who have hypertension and have experienced a TIA789. This range is higher than the recommended target and may increase the risk of recurrent stroke.
Choice D rationale
Maintaining systolic BP between 130 and 135 mm Hg is not the recommended target for clients who have hypertension and have experienced a TIA789. The recommended target is lower to help reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.

A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) B. D-dimer C. C-reactive protein (CRP) D. Albumin .

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that can detect and monitor inflammation in the body. It measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) in a test tube separate from blood serum over time, with the rate being faster in people with inflammatory diseases. While it can be elevated in many conditions, including liver disease, it is not specific to liver disease and therefore would not typically be used to confirm a diagnosis of liver disease.
Choice B rationale
D-dimer is a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is typically used to rule out thrombosis (blood clots), not to diagnose liver disease.
Choice C rationale
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein made by the liver and sent into the bloodstream in response to inflammation. While it can be elevated in many conditions, including liver disease, it is not specific to liver disease and therefore would not typically be used to confirm a diagnosis of liver disease.

Choice D rationale
Albumin is a protein made by the liver, and measuring its levels can help diagnose liver disease. When the liver is damaged, it can’t make enough albumin, so the level of albumin in the blood gets lower. This is why albumin is often used as a marker of liver function, and why it would be anticipated in the laboratory values ordered to confirm a diagnosis of liver disease.
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A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients. Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?

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A nurse is caring for four hospitalized patients.
Which of the following patients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?