A nurse is collecting data on a patient who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Barrel chest

Clubbing of the fingers

Heart murmur

Bradycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A barrel chest is typically not associated with mitral valve stenosis. It is more commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to hyperinflation of the lungs. Mitral valve stenosis affects the heart and not the lung structure.

Choice B reason: Clubbing of the fingers is a sign that can be associated with chronic hypoxia and certain types of congenital heart disease. While it can be seen in some heart conditions, it is not a specific finding for mitral valve stenosis.

Choice C reason: A heart murmur, specifically a diastolic murmur, is a classic finding in mitral valve stenosis. As the stenotic mitral valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, a pressure gradient is created, which produces a murmur that can be heard upon auscultation.

Choice D reason: Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not a direct finding associated with mitral valve stenosis. Mitral valve stenosis may lead to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation due to atrial enlargement, but bradycardia is not typically induced by this condition.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason : Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure. It occurs because the heart is unable to pump efficiently, leading to a backup of fluid in the lungs, which can cause shortness of breath.

Choice B reason : Jugular vein distention is typically associated with right-sided heart failure, not left-sided. It occurs when there is an increased pressure in the right atrium, leading to visible bulging of the neck veins.

Choice C reason : Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing while lying flat, is another symptom of left-sided heart failure. Fluid accumulation in the lungs makes it difficult for the patient to breathe without elevation, hence they may need to sleep with extra pillows.

Choice D reason : Crackles, which are heard during lung auscultation, are indicative of fluid accumulation in the alveoli due to the inefficiency of the left side of the heart to pump blood, leading to pulmonary congestion.

Choice E reason : Tachycardia, or rapid heartbeat, can be a response to left-sided heart failure as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate to maintain adequate blood flow.

Choice F reason : Gastrointestinal bloating is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure due to systemic venous congestion leading to fluid accumulation in the abdominal organs and tissues.

A. "I will not go barefoot." B. "I will use a thermometer to check the temperature of my bath water." C. "I will wear stockings with elastic tops." D. "I will avoid crossing my legs at the knees."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason : Advising a client with PVD not to go barefoot is correct. Going barefoot can increase the risk of injury to the feet, which can be particularly dangerous in individuals with PVD due to poor circulation. Any injuries to the feet may heal poorly and can lead to complications such as ulcers or infections.

Choice B reason : Using a thermometer to check the temperature of bath water is a recommended practice for clients with PVD. Due to potential nerve damage and reduced sensation in the extremities, clients may not accurately gauge water temperature, leading to burns. Therefore, using a thermometer helps prevent thermal injury.

Choice C reason : Wearing stockings with elastic tops is not recommended for clients with PVD. Elastic tops can constrict blood flow in the legs, exacerbating circulation problems. Instead, clients should wear non-constricting, well-fitting socks or stockings that promote blood flow.

Choice D reason : Avoiding crossing legs at the knees is good advice for clients with PVD. Crossing the legs can restrict blood flow to the lower extremities, which is already compromised in PVD. Keeping the legs uncrossed and elevating them when possible can help improve circulation.

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A nurse is collecting data on a patient who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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