A nurse is completing a nutritional assessment of a female client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at an increased risk for developing cancer?

Limits red meat intake to two servings a month

Eats six servings of whole grains daily

Eats at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily

Limits alcohol consumption to two drinks per day

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Limits red meat intake to two servings a month: Limiting red meat intake is a protective dietary behavior when it comes to cancer prevention. High consumption of red and processed meats has been linked to colorectal and other cancers. Two servings a month is relatively low and does not place the client at increased risk, but rather may help reduce cancer risk.
B. Eats six servings of whole grains daily: Whole grains contain dietary fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals that support digestive health and reduce inflammation, which may protect against certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Eating six servings of whole grains daily is consistent with cancer-preventive nutritional guidelines.
C. Eats at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily: Fruits and vegetables provide essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytonutrients that have cancer-fighting properties. A daily intake of at least five servings supports immune function, cellular repair, and may reduce the risk of various types of cancer, including stomach and lung cancers.
D. Limits alcohol consumption to two drinks per day: Consuming up to two alcoholic drinks daily may still increase cancer risk, especially for breast, liver, esophageal, and colorectal cancers. The safest approach in cancer prevention is to avoid alcohol or limit it to no more than one drink per day for women.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Initiate a low-protein diet: A low-protein diet is inappropriate for burn clients, who require increased protein to support wound healing, tissue regeneration, and immune function. Protein needs are significantly elevated in clients with burns.
B. Provide a vitamin C supplement: Vitamin C supports collagen synthesis, promotes wound healing, and enhances immune function. Clients with partial-thickness burns benefit from supplementation to aid skin repair and recovery.
C. Administer a potassium-sparing diuretic: Diuretics are generally avoided in the early stages of burn care due to fluid shifts and risk of hypovolemia. Fluid resuscitation is prioritized to stabilize hemodynamics and maintain organ perfusion.
D. Limit zinc intake: Zinc plays a critical role in tissue healing and immune support. Limiting zinc would be counterproductive; burn clients often require additional zinc to meet increased metabolic demands.

A. Clear-colored urine B. Decreased urine specific gravity C. Increased hematocrit D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Clear-colored urine: Clear-colored urine typically indicates adequate hydration or even overhydration. In Clostridium difficile, where the client may be experiencing profuse diarrhea, clear urine would not align with fluid volume deficit. This finding suggests the kidneys are excreting diluted urine, which is not consistent with dehydration.
B. Decreased urine specific gravity: A decreased urine specific gravity reflects dilute urine and usually points to overhydration or an inability to concentrate urine. In a client with C. difficile and likely diarrhea-related fluid loss, the expected finding would be a concentrated urine with increased specific gravity, not decreased.
C. Increased hematocrit: An increased hematocrit indicates hemoconcentration, which occurs when plasma volume is reduced due to fluid loss. In the setting of Clostridium difficile infection, where fluid is lost rapidly through diarrhea, this rise in hematocrit is a classic marker of fluid volume deficit. It reflects the relative increase in red blood cells due to a lower plasma volume.
D. Hypertension: Hypertension is more commonly associated with fluid volume excess or other cardiovascular conditions. In cases of fluid volume deficit, hypotension or orthostatic hypotension is more expected due to decreased circulating blood volume. Therefore, high blood pressure would not support the diagnosis of dehydration in this context.

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A nurse is completing a nutritional assessment of a female client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at an increased risk for developing cancer?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has moderate partial-thickness burns over 30% of their total body surface area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has Clostridium difficile. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing a fluid volume deficit?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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