A nurse is conducting a physical examination of the musculoskeletal system of a client who reports having joint pain. Which signs indicate there is inflammation in the joints? Select all that apply.

subcutaneous nodules

crepitus

warmth

swelling

redness

tenderness

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E,F

A.   Subcutaneous nodules are lumps or masses that can occur beneath the skin, sometimes seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
B.   Crepitus refers to a crackling or popping sound heard or felt during joint movement. It is often associated with osteoarthritis or other joint conditions.
C.   Warmth or increased temperature over the joint area is a common sign of inflammation. It occurs because inflammation increases blood flow to the affected area.
D.   Swelling, or edema, is the accumulation of fluid in the joint space or surrounding tissues. It is a clear sign of inflammation and can be due to increased fluid production or leakage from blood vessels.
E.   Redness, or erythema, around the joint is a result of increased blood flow to the area due to inflammation. It is often accompanied by warmth.
F.   Tenderness refers to pain or discomfort in the joint area when touched or palpated. It indicates an inflammatory process in the joint.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is primarily responsible for sensory information from the face and motor control of the muscles of mastication (chewing). It does not carry taste sensations. Instead, it is involved in sensation (e.g., touch, pain, temperature) of the face and mouth, but not taste.
B. The vagus nerve (CN X) has various functions, including parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract, and sensory and motor functions in the throat and voice box. It does contribute to taste sensation in the region of the pharynx and the epiglottis, but it is not primarily responsible for the taste sensation on the posterior third of the tongue.
C. The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is responsible for taste sensation on the posterior one-third of the tongue. It also contributes to the sensory innervation of the pharynx and helps in the regulation of saliva production. This nerve is specifically involved in the taste perception in the back third of the tongue.
D. The facial nerve (CN VII) provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It also controls the muscles of facial expression and contributes to the production of saliva and tears. The facial nerve does not provide taste sensation to the posterior third of the tongue.

A. Bursitis B. Meningitis C. Spondylitis D. Arthritis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bones and soft tissues. It typically causes localized pain and tenderness in the area of the bursa, often in the shoulders, elbows, or hips.

B. Meningitis is an infection or inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the meninges). It often presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, neck stiffness, and photophobia. The neck stiffness, particularly difficulty flexing the head forward (nuchal rigidity), is a classic sign.
C. Spondylitis refers to inflammation of the spine. It can present with chronic back pain and stiffness but is typically associated with long-term symptoms rather than acute systemic symptoms like fever and chills. Conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis can cause chronic back pain and stiffness but are less likely to present with acute fever and headache.
D. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints and can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the affected joints. While arthritis can affect the neck (cervical spine arthritis), it typically does not present with systemic symptoms such as fever and chills unless there is an associated infection or inflammatory process.

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A nurse is conducting a physical examination of the musculoskeletal system of a client who reports having joint pain. Which signs indicate there is inflammation in the joints? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Taste in the 1/3 posterior of your tongue is given by:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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