A nurse is contributing to a plan of care for an 8-year-old child prescribed an anticonvulsant for pain. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse plan to make? (Select All that Apply.)

A. "Since ADHD is genetic, we need to know if other family members have been diagnosed to determine if your child has it." While ADHD has a genetic component, a family history alone is not sufficient to diagnose the condition. A proper diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation, not just genetic predisposition.

B. "Your child will need a comprehensive evaluation, based on specific criteria including a detailed history and behavior assessment." ADHD diagnosis is based on clinical criteria from the DSM-5, which includes a thorough history, observation of symptoms in multiple settings, and standardized behavior assessments. This ensures an accurate and well-supported diagnosis.

C. "If your child shows symptoms of ADHD at home but not at school, they can still be diagnosed with ADHD." ADHD symptoms must be present in at least two different settings, such as home and school, to meet diagnostic criteria. If symptoms are only seen in one setting, another cause may be responsible for the child’s behavior.

D. "ADHD can be confirmed with a blood test, so we should schedule one for your child." There is no laboratory test, imaging, or biomarker that can diagnose ADHD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral criteria and clinical evaluation rather than medical testing.

A. "Screening involves a combination of parent interviews, observations, and standardized developmental screening tools." The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based on behavioral assessments, including parent-reported history, clinical observations, and standardized screening tools such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

B. "ASD can be definitively diagnosed with a simple blood test, so we will schedule one for your child." There is no blood test or biomarker that can diagnose ASD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral and developmental criteria rather than laboratory tests.

C. "The screening process for ASD is usually completed in one visit to the healthcare provider." ASD screening and diagnosis require multiple evaluations over time, often involving developmental specialists, psychologists, and speech therapists to get a comprehensive understanding of the child’s behaviors.

D. "If your child makes eye contact with you, we can rule out autism spectrum disorder." While reduced eye contact is a common characteristic of ASD, some children with ASD do make eye contact, and the presence or absence of this behavior alone does not confirm or rule out the disorder.