A nurse is developing a plan of care to prevent skin breakdown for a client with a spinal cord injury and paralysis. Which of the following nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason:
The statement "HIPAA is a federal law, not a state law" is correct. HIPAA is indeed a federal law that provides national standards to protect the privacy of personal health information.

Choice B reason:
The statement "HIPAA established regulations for individually identifiable health information in verbal, electronic, or written form" is also correct. HIPAA does regulate how individually identifiable health information should be protected and handled across various forms of communication.

Choice C reason:
The statement "Information about a client can be disclosed to family members at any time" indicates a need for further teaching. Under HIPAA, protected health information can only be disclosed to family members under certain conditions, such as when the patient has given permission or when it is directly relevant to the family member's involvement in the patient's care.

Choice D reason:
The statement "A client's address would be an example of personally identifiable information" is correct. Under HIPAA, a client's address is considered personally identifiable information, which is protected and cannot be disclosed without proper authorization.

Choice A reason:
Dyspepsia, commonly known as indigestion, is not typically associated with SIADH. It is a condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen and is not linked to the overproduction of antidiuretic hormone.

Choice B reason:
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and does not cause SIADH. It is characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, most commonly from middle age onward, causing pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints.

Choice C reason:
Liver cirrhosis can lead to complications that may contribute to fluid imbalance, but it is not a direct cause of SIADH. SIADH is more commonly associated with conditions that affect the central nervous system or certain types of cancer.

Choice D reason:
Lung cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer, is a well-known cause of SIADH. Tumors in the lungs can produce and release antidiuretic hormone independently, leading to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.