A nurse is discussing factors that can lead to obstructive sleep apnea with a group of older adults. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.Loss
Loss of teeth
Stroke
Sleepiness
Fatty deposits
Muscle dysfunction
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A Reason:
Loss of teeth is not typically considered a direct factor contributing to obstructive sleep apnea. While the presence of teeth may play a role in maintaining the structure of the oral cavity, it is not a primary risk factor for OSA.
Choice B Reason:
Stroke is correct. Individuals who have had a stroke are at increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke can cause damage to areas of the brain involved in controlling breathing and upper airway function, leading to disruptions in respiratory control during sleep.
Choice C Reason:
Sleepiness is a symptom commonly associated with obstructive sleep apnea rather than a direct contributing factor. Excessive daytime sleepiness is a consequence of disrupted sleep patterns and recurrent episodes of breathing cessation during the night, which are characteristic features of obstructive sleep apnea.
Choice D Reason:
Fatty deposits is correct. Excessive fatty deposits, particularly around the neck and throat, can contribute to the narrowing and collapse of the upper airway during sleep, increasing the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity is a significant risk factor for OSA due to the accumulation of fat deposits in the upper airway tissues.
Choice E Reason:
Muscle dysfunction is correct. Muscle dysfunction, particularly of the muscles surrounding the upper airway, can impair the ability of these muscles to keep the airway open during sleep. Weakness or dysfunction of these muscles can lead to increased collapsibility of the upper airway, contributing to obstructive sleep apnea.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Refraining from climbing ladders is appropriate. Climbing ladders involves a risk of falling, which can be particularly hazardous for individuals with epilepsy. Seizures can occur unexpectedly and may cause loss of muscle control or consciousness, increasing the risk of falls from heights such as ladders. Falling from a ladder during a seizure can result in serious injuries, including head trauma, fractures, or other injuries from impact. Advising the client to refrain from climbing ladders helps mitigate the risk of falls and associated injuries during a seizure episode, promoting their safety and well-being.
Choice B Reason:
Do not go swimming without a partner is inappropriate. Swimming alone can be dangerous for individuals with epilepsy as they may be at risk of drowning if they experience a seizure while in the water. Having a swimming partner can provide assistance and ensure safety in case of a seizure.
Choice C Reason:
Refraining from driving unless seizure-free for 3 months is appropriate. Driving restrictions are often recommended for individuals with epilepsy to minimize the risk of accidents caused by seizures. Many jurisdictions require individuals with epilepsy to be seizure-free for a certain period, typically around 3 to 6 months, before resuming driving.
Choice D Reason:
Avoiding using power tools is appropriate. Operating power tools or machinery can be hazardous if a seizure occurs, potentially leading to serious injuries. Therefore, individuals with epilepsy should avoid using power tools to reduce the risk of accidents during a seizure.
Choice E Reason:
Placing client on the floor when having a seizure is appropriate. Placing the client on the floor during a seizure helps prevent injury from falls. It is safer to have the individual lie down on a flat surface to reduce the risk of head injury or other trauma during the seizure.
Choice F Reason:
Placing client on their back when they are recovering from a seizure appropriate. Placing the client on their back after a seizure helps maintain an open airway and facilitates recovery. This position allows for proper breathing and circulation while monitoring the individual's condition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Bronchopneumonia is incorrect. Bronchopneumonia is characterized by patchy areas of consolidation involving multiple lobules scattered throughout the lungs. It typically results from bronchial obstruction and aspiration of infected material into the smaller airways and alveoli.
Choice B Reason:
Severe pneumonia is incorrect. "Severe pneumonia" is a broad term that can refer to pneumonia with various degrees of severity. It does not specifically describe the pattern of consolidation involving the entire lobe of the lung.
Choice C Reason:
Empyema is incorrect. Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, often as a complication of pneumonia. It does not describe the pattern of consolidation within the lung tissue.
Choice D Reason:
Lobar pneumonia is correct. Lobar pneumonia is characterized by consolidation involving an entire lobe or lobes of the lung. It typically results from infection by a single pathogen, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, which leads to inflammation and consolidation of an entire lobe of the lung.
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