A nurse is discussing the complications of PCOS with a patient.
Which complication should the nurse prioritize in the discussion?
Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Psychological effects like depression and anxiety.
Infertility and difficulty conceiving.
Endometrial hyperplasia.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize discussing the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes when talking about PCOS complications.
Insulin resistance is a common feature of PCOS, and many individuals with PCOS are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if their condition is not managed effectively.
This is a significant health concern that requires attention and preventive measures.
Choice B rationale:
Psychological effects like depression and anxiety.
Rationale: While psychological effects like depression and anxiety are important to address in the context of PCOS, they are not the primary complication that should be prioritized in the discussion.
The increased risk of type 2 diabetes has more immediate and potentially severe health implications.
Choice C rationale:
Infertility and difficulty conceiving.
Rationale: Infertility and difficulty conceiving are significant concerns for many individuals with PCOS.
However, these complications may not be the top priority for all patients, as not everyone with PCOS desires to conceive.
Additionally, addressing insulin resistance and diabetes risk is more universally relevant.
Choice D rationale:
Endometrial hyperplasia.
Rationale: Endometrial hyperplasia is a potential complication of PCOS due to irregular menstrual cycles and anovulation.
While it is a concern, it is not the most critical complication to prioritize in the discussion, as it is more directly linked to fertility issues and may not be applicable to all patients.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
This statement by the nurse is appropriate for addressing the client's concerns.
Irregular menstrual cycles and hirsutism (excessive hair growth on the face and abdomen) are common symptoms of PCOS.
Acknowledging these symptoms as typical for PCOS helps the client understand that her experiences are not uncommon and that there are management options available.
Choice A rationale:
Mood swings and depression can indeed be associated with PCOS due to hormonal imbalances and the emotional impact of living with a chronic condition.
However, dismissing the client's other symptoms as unrelated is not accurate or helpful.
It's important to address all relevant symptoms and their potential connection to PCOS.
Choice C rationale:
Recommending fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) solely to address weight gain is not appropriate for a client with suspected PCOS.
While fertility treatments may be considered for individuals with PCOS who are struggling with infertility, it is not the primary intervention for managing weight gain or other PCOS-related symptoms.
Choice D rationale:
Metformin is a medication that can be used to help manage PCOS-related symptoms, particularly in cases of insulin resistance.
However, it is not the only medication available, and its use should be determined on a case-by-case basis.
Additionally, metformin alone may not address all the client's symptoms.
The nurse should discuss a comprehensive treatment plan that may include lifestyle modifications, other medications, and, if necessary, fertility treatments.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
PCOS is associated with several potential complications, including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Women with PCOS often have insulin resistance, which can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and, over time, an increased risk of developing diabetes.
Additionally, PCOS is linked to abnormal lipid profiles and obesity, further increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Educating the patient about these potential complications is essential for early intervention and prevention.
Choice A rationale:
Stating that "there are no complications associated with PCOS" is incorrect.
PCOS is a complex condition that can have various health implications, as mentioned in Choice B.
Failing to inform the patient about potential complications could lead to inadequate monitoring and management of their health.
Choice C rationale:
PCOS does not only affect the ovaries; it has systemic effects on the body.
It can lead to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disturbances that affect multiple body systems, including the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.
This statement is inaccurate as it downplays the seriousness of PCOS.
Choice D rationale:
PCOS is not associated with a reduced risk of infertility.
In fact, one of the hallmark features of PCOS is ovulatory dysfunction, which can lead to infertility or subfertility in affected individuals.
It is crucial to provide accurate information to patients regarding the potential impact of PCOS on fertility and available treatment options.
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