A nurse is doing her assessment on a client who suffered a crush injury with multiple fractures to his lower leg. The nurse notices the client has increasing edema to the affected leg since the last assessment. Also, the client also reports the last pain medication did not help them at all with their pain and they feel the pain is worsening. The increasing edema and unrelieved increasing pain are indications of which of the following complications from a crush injury?

Fat embolism syndrome

Malignant hyperthermia

Acute compartment syndrome

Myocardial embolus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

Fat embolism syndrome is a serious complication of fractures, particularly long bone fractures, and presents with symptoms such as respiratory distress, cerebral dysfunction, and petechial rash. However, it is not characterized by localized increasing edema and pain.

Choice B reason:

Malignant hyperthermia is a severe reaction to certain anesthetic agents and is characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and metabolic acidosis. It is not related to increasing edema and pain in the context of a crush injury.

Choice C reason:

Acute compartment syndrome is characterized by increasing pain that is not relieved by analgesics and increasing edema due to increased pressure within the muscle compartments. This condition requires immediate medical intervention to prevent permanent damage.

Choice D reason:

A myocardial embolus would present with symptoms related to cardiac function, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. It is not related to localized increasing edema and pain in the lower extremities following a crush injury.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a well-known long-term adverse effect of phenytoin. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene can help manage this condition, which is common among patients on long-term phenytoin therapy.

Choice B reason:

Hypertension is not typically associated with long-term phenytoin use. This medication primarily affects the nervous system and does not have a significant impact on blood pressure.

Choice C reason:

Tachycardia is not a common long-term side effect of phenytoin. While phenytoin can cause various neurological and systemic side effects, increased heart rate is not typically one of them.

Choice D reason:

Hair loss is not commonly linked to long-term use of phenytoin. The primary adverse effects tend to be neurological and dental, rather than affecting hair growth.

A. "Once I start feeling better, I will stop taking my antibiotic." B. "If I am 30 minutes late taking my medication, I should skip that dose." C. "My parenteral medication must be taken with food." D. "I will rotate the sites for my transdermal patch."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Stopping an antibiotic once feeling better is incorrect and can lead to incomplete treatment of the infection and antibiotic resistance. Patients should complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.

Choice B reason:

Skipping a dose if 30 minutes late is incorrect advice. Most medications have a dosing window and can be taken even if slightly late. Patients should be advised to take the dose as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose.

Choice C reason:

Parenteral medications, such as injections, do not need to be taken with food. This instruction is more applicable to oral medications that can cause gastrointestinal upset.

Choice D reason:

Rotating the sites for a transdermal patch is correct and indicates effective teaching. This practice helps prevent skin irritation and ensures proper absorption of the medication.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse understands that which of the following is a long-term adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a patient about medications. Which statement from the patient indicates teaching is effective?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is administering a controlled substance that falls into the category of Schedule I. Which of the following displays the appropriate abuse potential for Schedule I drugs?

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for the diuretic furosemide. For which adverse effect should the nurse monitor?

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client's peristalsis is returning?

A nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative and has anemia due to excess blood loss following surgery. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having an increased risk of aspiration while eating (select all that apply)?

A nurse is preparing to administer morphine IV to a client. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to have available?

A nurse in the operating room is caring for a client who suddenly develops muscle rigidity and a rise in body temperature. What emergency medication should the nurse expect to receive an order to start administering?