A nurse is educating a client about the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following statements is correct?

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "fight or flight."

The sympathetic nervous system helps us to rest and digest.

The sympathetic nervous system Includes the cranial nerves.

The sympathetic nervous system can lower blood pressure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "fight or flight":
This is the correct answer. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body to react to perceived threats or stressors by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, redistributing blood flow, and releasing stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.

B) The sympathetic nervous system helps us to rest and digest:
This statement is incorrect. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which promotes relaxation, digestion, and conservation of energy.

C) The sympathetic nervous system includes the cranial nerves:
This statement is incorrect. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily associated with the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord and does not include the cranial nerves, which are primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.

D) The sympathetic nervous system can lower blood pressure:
This statement is incorrect. The sympathetic nervous system typically increases blood pressure as part of the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to redirect blood flow to vital organs and muscles.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Decreased bowel sounds:
While diarrhea can lead to changes in bowel function, such as increased frequency and urgency, it typically does not cause decreased bowel sounds. In fact, hyperactive bowel sounds may be present in some cases of diarrhea due to increased gastrointestinal motility and peristalsis as the body attempts to expel excess stool.

B) Dehydration:
This is the correct answer. Diarrhea can result in fluid and electrolyte losses, leading to dehydration if not adequately managed. Common symptoms of dehydration include increased thirst, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, dark urine, fatigue, weakness, and dizziness. In severe cases, dehydration can lead to hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.

C) Rigid abdomen:
While abdominal discomfort and cramping are common symptoms of diarrhea, a rigid abdomen is not typically associated with uncomplicated cases of diarrhea. However, severe abdominal pain, distention, and rigidity may indicate underlying complications such as bowel obstruction or peritonitis, which require urgent medical evaluation.

D) Hypothermia:
Hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature, is not a typical finding in clients with diarrhea. In fact, diarrhea is more commonly associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances that can lead to hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) due to dehydration and inflammatory responses. However, hypothermia may occur in severe cases of dehydration or sepsis, but it is not a direct consequence of diarrhea itself.

A. STAT administration of atropine B. administration of activated charcoal C. hemodialysis D. intravenous administration of pseudoephedrine

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) STAT administration of atropine:
This is the correct answer. Atropine is a cholinergic antagonist that can increase heart rate by blocking the action of acetylcholine on cardiac muscarinic receptors. In cases of severe bradycardia, especially if associated with symptoms such as dizziness, syncope, or hypotension, atropine is often administered to increase heart rate and improve cardiac output. The dose of atropine and frequency of administration depend on the severity of bradycardia and the clinical response.

B) Administration of activated charcoal:
Activated charcoal is used in cases of overdose or poisoning to absorb ingested toxins and prevent their absorption into the bloodstream. However, in this scenario, where the primary concern is bradycardia resulting from cholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil) toxicity, activated charcoal would not be effective in reversing the bradycardic effects of the medication.

C) Hemodialysis:
Hemodialysis is a renal replacement therapy used to remove toxins and waste products from the blood in individuals with kidney failure. While hemodialysis may be indicated in cases of severe drug overdose or poisoning to enhance toxin elimination, it is not typically used as a first-line intervention for bradycardia associated with cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity.

D) Intravenous administration of pseudoephedrine:
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as a vasoconstrictor and can increase heart rate and blood pressure. While it may be used to treat bradycardia in some cases, such as severe symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to atropine, it is not the first-line treatment for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity-induced bradycardia. Atropine is preferred due to its direct antagonism of muscarinic receptors in the heart.

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A nurse is educating a client about the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following statements is correct?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has had diarrhea for several days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A 78-year-old client is admitted to the emergency department with a heart rate of 34 beats/min. Family members tell the nurse that the client may have mistakenly taken several doses of donepezil. The nurse should anticipate what intervention to treat the client's bradycardia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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