A nurse is educating a group of parents about meningitis and its transmission. Which of the following statements by the nurse is accurate regarding the transmission of viral meningitis?
"Viral meningitis is usually transmitted through ingestion of raw or undercooked snails or slugs.”
"The vector of viral meningitis is the infected person, and the reservoir is the human body.”
"Viral meningitis can be caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.”
"Viral meningitis is usually transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets.”
"The vector of viral meningitis is the fungus, and the reservoir is the environmental source.”
The Correct Answer is D
Choice D rationale:
Viral meningitis is usually transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets. It can also be spread through contact with fecal matter and other body fluids. In contrast, bacterial meningitis has multiple routes of transmission, including respiratory droplets, direct contact, and contaminated food or water.
Choice A rationale:
Ingestion of raw or undercooked snails or slugs is associated with a parasitic infection called "rat lungworm" and not viral meningitis.
Choice B rationale:
While the infected person can act as a vector for the spread of viral meningitis, the primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets and not the human body itself. The reservoir for viral meningitis is often human carriers, but it can also exist in other animals or environmental sources.
Choice C rationale:
Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are bacterial pathogens that can cause bacterial meningitis, not viral meningitis.
Choice E rationale:
Viral meningitis is not caused by a fungus, and environmental sources are not the reservoirs for viral meningitis transmission. It is mainly transmitted from person to person.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Administering intravenous fluids is an appropriate nursing intervention for a client with meningitis. Meningitis can cause dehydration due to fever, decreased oral intake, and increased fluid loss. IV fluids help maintain hydration and prevent complications.
Choice B rationale:
Applying warm compresses to the forehead is not a standard nursing intervention for meningitis. Fever is a common symptom of meningitis, and while comfort measures may be used to manage fever, warm compresses on the forehead are not specific to meningitis and may not be well-tolerated by some patients.
Choice C rationale:
Providing dim lighting and minimizing noise are appropriate nursing interventions for a client with meningitis. Meningitis can cause sensitivity to light and sound, and creating a calm and quiet environment can help reduce discomfort and promote healing.
Choice D rationale:
Giving prophylactic antibiotics is an appropriate nursing intervention for bacterial meningitis. Once the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is confirmed or suspected, antibiotics should be initiated promptly to control the infection and prevent complications.
Choice E rationale:
Monitoring vital signs and neurological status is crucial for a client with meningitis. Vital signs such as temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure should be closely monitored to assess for any signs of worsening condition or complications. Neurological assessments help identify changes in the client's mental status, reflexes, and cranial nerve function.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Viral meningitis is less likely in this case because the patient has weakened immunity, suggesting a chronic and severe condition. Viral meningitis is often self-limiting and less severe in immunocompetent individuals.
Choice B rationale:
Bacterial meningitis is less likely in this case as well, as chronic meningitis usually has a slower onset, and bacterial meningitis tends to have a more acute and rapidly progressive course.
Choice C rationale:
Fungal meningitis is more likely in a patient with weakened immunity, as certain fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus and Histoplasma, can cause chronic and persistent meningitis in immunocompromised individuals.
Choice D rationale:
Parasitic meningitis is not a common form of meningitis and is usually associated with specific parasitic infections, which are less likely to occur in immunocompromised patients.
Choice E rationale:
Tuberculous meningitis is a type of bacterial meningitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it can occur in immunocompromised individuals, fungal meningitis is more prevalent in this population.
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