A nurse is educating a group of parents about meningitis and its transmission. Which of the following statements by the nurse is accurate regarding the transmission of viral meningitis?
"Viral meningitis is usually transmitted through ingestion of raw or undercooked snails or slugs.”
"The vector of viral meningitis is the infected person, and the reservoir is the human body.”
"Viral meningitis can be caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.”
"Viral meningitis is usually transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets.”
"The vector of viral meningitis is the fungus, and the reservoir is the environmental source.”
The Correct Answer is D
Choice D rationale:
Viral meningitis is usually transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets. It can also be spread through contact with fecal matter and other body fluids. In contrast, bacterial meningitis has multiple routes of transmission, including respiratory droplets, direct contact, and contaminated food or water.
Choice A rationale:
Ingestion of raw or undercooked snails or slugs is associated with a parasitic infection called "rat lungworm" and not viral meningitis.
Choice B rationale:
While the infected person can act as a vector for the spread of viral meningitis, the primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets and not the human body itself. The reservoir for viral meningitis is often human carriers, but it can also exist in other animals or environmental sources.
Choice C rationale:
Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are bacterial pathogens that can cause bacterial meningitis, not viral meningitis.
Choice E rationale:
Viral meningitis is not caused by a fungus, and environmental sources are not the reservoirs for viral meningitis transmission. It is mainly transmitted from person to person.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The recommended preventive measure for a client planning to travel to a high-risk area for meningitis is to take prophylactic antibiotics. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, and it can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria. Travel to high-risk areas may increase the risk of exposure to meningitis-causing bacteria. Prophylactic antibiotics are given to individuals at high risk of contracting bacterial meningitis to prevent infection or reduce the severity if exposed. Commonly used antibiotics for prophylaxis include ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and others, depending on the specific high-risk area and its predominant pathogens.
Choice B rationale:
Getting vaccinated against mumps is not the recommended preventive measure for meningitis caused by other pathogens. Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus, and while it can cause complications, it is not a common cause of meningitis. The appropriate preventive measure for mumps is vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Choice C rationale:
Practicing good hand hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of infections in general, but it is not specifically targeted at preventing meningitis. Meningitis is usually transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals. While hand hygiene can help reduce the risk of contracting various infections, it is not the primary preventive measure for meningitis.
Choice D rationale:
Avoiding close contact with people with respiratory infections is a good practice to reduce the risk of various respiratory infections, including those that can cause meningitis. However, it is not the recommended specific preventive measure for a client planning to travel to a high-risk area for meningitis. Prophylactic antibiotics are the more appropriate choice in this situation to directly target potential meningitis-causing bacteria.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was a common cause of bacterial meningitis in the past, especially in children, but its incidence has significantly decreased due to the widespread use of the Hib vaccine.
Choice B rationale:
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal) can cause meningitis and is an important pathogen, but it is more commonly associated with meningitis in children and young adults.
Choice C rationale:
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. It is a gram-positive bacterium that can lead to severe infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections.
Choice D rationale:
Escherichia coli is a bacterial species typically associated with urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal illnesses. While it can rarely cause meningitis in certain populations, it is not the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults.
Choice E rationale:
Group B streptococcus is a significant cause of neonatal meningitis but is less commonly responsible for meningitis in adults.
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