(Select all that apply): A nurse is caring for a client with fungal meningitis. Which antifungal drugs may be used to treat this condition? (Select all that apply)

Choice A rationale:

Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) is a classic symptom of meningitis, but it is not particularly concerning in older adults as it is in younger individuals. Older adults may have a less pronounced neck stiffness due to age-related changes.

Choice B rationale:

Rash can be a symptom of certain types of meningitis, such as meningococcal meningitis, but it is not specific to older adults. Moreover, older adults may not exhibit a rash even in cases of meningococcal meningitis.

Choice C rationale:

Irritability is a vague symptom and may not be specific to meningitis in older adults. It can be caused by various factors and does not raise significant concern for meningitis.

Choice D rationale:

Altered mental status, such as confusion, delirium, or decreased level of consciousness, is particularly concerning in older adults with suspected meningitis. Older adults may not always present with classic symptoms like neck stiffness, and altered mental status may be the primary indicator of central nervous system involvement.

Choice E rationale:

Photophobia is a common symptom of meningitis, but it is not specific to older adults. It may be present in both younger and older patients with meningitis.

Choice A rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because it assumes a specific diagnosis without further assessment or confirmation. Meningitis can be caused by various pathogens, so it's essential not to jump to conclusions based solely on symptoms.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is appropriate because the patient's symptoms, including fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia, are consistent with bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection that requires prompt treatment to prevent complications.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because fungal meningitis typically presents differently and is more common in individuals with compromised immune systems. There is no evidence from the presented symptoms to suggest fungal meningitis.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because parasitic meningitis is very rare and typically associated with specific exposures or travel history. There is no information to support this as a likely cause of the client's symptoms.

Choice E rationale:

This statement is not appropriate because meningococcal septicemia is a different condition from meningitis. While both can be caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, septicemia is characterized by a bloodstream infection, while meningitis affects the meninges.