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A nurse is educating a patient regarding arterial insufficiency. The nurse knows the patient has a correct understanding of arterial risk factors by listing the following:

Select all that apply.

low fat diet

diabetes mellitus

decreased lipid levels

smoking

heavy alcohol use

physical activity

hypertension

male

Obesity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E,H,I

A. Low-fat diet: This reduces the risk of arterial insufficiency, making it incorrect as a risk factor.

B. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is a significant risk factor due to its effects on vascular health.

C. Decreased lipid levels: Lower lipid levels reduce arterial risk, making it incorrect as a risk factor.

D. Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases arterial insufficiency risk.

E. Heavy alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

F. Physical activity: Physical activity reduces arterial risk, making it incorrect as a risk factor.

G. Hypertension: High blood pressure increases arterial insufficiency risk.

H. Male: Males have a higher risk of developing arterial insufficiency than females.

I. Obesity: Obesity increases the risk of atherosclerosis and arterial insufficiency.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Pretibial edema: Edema is more indicative of venous function, not arterial function.

B. Palpate pedal pulses bilaterally: Palpation of the pedal pulses is essential to assess arterial circulation in the lower extremities.

C. Allen test: This assesses arterial blood flow to the hand, not the lower extremities.

D. Homan sign: Homan sign is used (though controversial) to assess for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is related to venous, not arterial, function.

A. Consider this a normal capillary refill time that requires no further assessment. B. Consider this a delayed capillary refill time, and investigate further. C. Ask the patient about a history of frostbite. D. Suspect that the patient has venous insufficiency.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Capillary refill time greater than 2 seconds is abnormal and requires further assessment.

B. A capillary refill time of 5 seconds indicates delayed peripheral perfusion and warrants further investigation.

C. While frostbite can cause delayed refill, it is less likely than vascular insufficiency in this scenario.

D. Delayed capillary refill is more often associated with arterial, not venous, insufficiency.

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A nurse is educating a patient regarding arterial insufficiency. The nurse knows the patient has a correct understanding of arterial risk factors by listing the following:

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