A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about the chronic complications associated with the disease. What information should be included in the teaching?
Schedule and keep appointments for annual eye exams.
Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney damage.
Cardiac enzymes will be checked every 6 months.
Podiatry exams are necessary every 3 months.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Diabetes mellitus can lead to several chronic complications, including retinopathy, which can cause blindness. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, scheduling and keeping appointments for annual eye exams is an important part of managing diabetes.
Choice B rationale
While adequate fluid intake is generally important for overall health, it is not specifically effective in preventing kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus. Kidney damage in diabetes, also known as diabetic nephropathy, is caused by high blood sugar levels over time, not by dehydration.
Choice C rationale
Regular checks of cardiac enzymes are not a standard part of diabetes management. Cardiac enzymes are typically checked in the context of suspected heart disease or a heart attack, not as a routine measure in diabetes care.
Choice D rationale
While regular foot care is important in diabetes to prevent complications such as foot ulcers and infections, podiatry exams every 3 months are not typically necessary unless the patient has a history of foot problems or a high risk of foot complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
After a femoral-popliteal bypass, the client should be placed in a supine position with the right leg extended and flat. This position helps to prevent kinking and occlusion of the graft, which could lead to complications such as graft thrombosis.
Choice B rationale
High-Fowler’s position with the right leg extended is not recommended. This position could put strain on the surgical site and potentially compromise the graft.
Choice C rationale
Supine with the right leg flexed at a 45-degree angle is not advised. Flexing the leg could lead to kinking of the graft and subsequent complications.
Choice D rationale
Semi-Fowler’s with the right leg on two pillows is not the optimal position. While elevation can help with swelling, excessive elevation could potentially compromise blood flow to the graft.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A decrease in inflammation at the site of infection is a key indicator that antibiotic therapy is effective. Inflammation is a response to infection, so if the inflammation is reducing, it suggests that the infection is being successfully treated.
Choice B rationale
An increase in circulating neutrophils could indicate an ongoing response to infection, rather than resolution. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that the body produces more of when there’s an infection. Therefore, an increase in neutrophils does not necessarily indicate that the antibiotic therapy has been effective.
Choice C rationale
A positive culture and sensitivity report indicates the presence of bacteria and identifies which antibiotics the bacteria are sensitive to. While this information is crucial for selecting the most effective antibiotic, it does not indicate whether the chosen antibiotic therapy has been effective.
Choice D rationale
A symptomatic fever could indicate an ongoing infection, rather than resolution. While fever can decrease as an infection is brought under control, the presence of a symptomatic fever does not necessarily indicate that the antibiotic therapy has been effective.
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