A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about the chronic complications associated with the disease. What information should be included in the teaching?

Schedule and keep appointments for annual eye exams.

Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney damage.

Cardiac enzymes will be checked every 6 months.

Podiatry exams are necessary every 3 months.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Diabetes mellitus can lead to several chronic complications, including retinopathy, which can cause blindness. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, scheduling and keeping appointments for annual eye exams is an important part of managing diabetes.

Choice B rationale

While adequate fluid intake is generally important for overall health, it is not specifically effective in preventing kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus. Kidney damage in diabetes, also known as diabetic nephropathy, is caused by high blood sugar levels over time, not by dehydration.

Choice C rationale

Regular checks of cardiac enzymes are not a standard part of diabetes management. Cardiac enzymes are typically checked in the context of suspected heart disease or a heart attack, not as a routine measure in diabetes care.

Choice D rationale

While regular foot care is important in diabetes to prevent complications such as foot ulcers and infections, podiatry exams every 3 months are not typically necessary unless the patient has a history of foot problems or a high risk of foot complications.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The Trendelenburg position, with the stump supported on three pillows, is not typically recommended following a below-the-knee amputation. This position could increase the risk of contractures.

Choice B rationale

Side lying with the amputated leg flexed is not typically recommended following a below-the- knee amputation. This position could increase the risk of contractures.

Choice C rationale

Lying prone for 24 hours is not typically recommended following a below-the-knee amputation. While some prone positioning may be beneficial to prevent hip flexion contractures, it should not be the only position used.

Choice D rationale

The supine position, with the stump flat on the bed, is often recommended following a below- the-knee amputation. This position helps to prevent contractures and promotes healing.

A. It evaluates glycemic control over a 3-month period by measuring the glucose attached to hemoglobin. B. It uses the level of serum protein to evaluate glycemic control. C. It evaluates serum ketone production over several days. D. It determines the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin over the last seven days.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The hemoglobin A1C test, also known as the HbA1C or glycated hemoglobin test, is a blood test that evaluates glycemic control over a 3-month period by measuring the glucose attached to hemoglobin. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. It provides an average of your blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, which can help healthcare providers assess how well diabetes is being managed.

Choice B rationale

The hemoglobin A1C test does not use the level of serum protein to evaluate glycemic control. Instead, it measures the amount of glucose that is attached to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.

Choice C rationale

The hemoglobin A1C test does not evaluate serum ketone production over several days. Ketones are produced when the body burns fat for energy, which can occur when there is not enough insulin to help your body use sugar for energy. High levels of ketones can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Choice D rationale

The hemoglobin A1C test does not determine the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin over the last seven days. Instead, it provides an average of your blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. -

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A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about the chronic complications associated with the disease. What information should be included in the teaching?

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned to the nursing unit following a below-the-knee amputation (BKA) of the right leg. How should this client be positioned?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

A client asks a nurse, “What is a hemoglobin A1C test?” Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

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A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about the chronic complications associated with the disease. What information should be included in the teaching?

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