A nurse is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Urinary tract infection.

Dehydration.

Kidney stones.

Liver disease.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor. UTIs are caused by bacteria that infect the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and the presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine. This can result in cloudy urine with a strong odor. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to resolve the infection and prevent complications.
Choice B rationale
Dehydration can cause dark amber urine, but it does not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which appears darker in color. However, the presence of cloudiness and odor suggests an infection rather than dehydration.
Choice C rationale
Kidney stones can cause dark urine if there is bleeding, but they do not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. The passage of a kidney stone can lead to hematuria (blood in the urine), which may darken the urine. However, the symptoms described are more indicative of a urinary tract infection.
Choice D rationale
Liver disease can cause dark urine due to the presence of bilirubin, but it does not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. Dark urine in liver disease is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as jaundice, pale stools, and fatigue. The combination of dark, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is more suggestive of a urinary tract infection. .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Regular insulin should be clear. If it appears cloudy, it may be contaminated or expired, and should be discarded. This is a correct instruction for self-administering regular insulin and NPH insulin from the same syringe.
Choice B rationale
When mixing insulins, regular insulin should be drawn up first, followed by NPH insulin. Drawing up NPH insulin first can lead to contamination of the regular insulin with the cloudy NPH insulin.
Choice C rationale
NPH insulin should be gently rolled or inverted to mix, not shaken. Shaking can cause bubbles, which can lead to inaccurate dosing.
Choice D rationale

Air should be injected into the NPH insulin vial first, not the regular insulin vial. This helps prevent contamination and ensures accurate dosing.

A. High-purine diet. B. Female gender. C. Dehydration. D. Family history.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
A high-purine diet can lead to the formation of uric acid stones, which are a type of kidney stone. However, it is not the most common risk factor for urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is more commonly associated with factors such as dehydration, which leads to concentrated urine and promotes stone formation.
Choice B rationale
Female gender is not a significant risk factor for urolithiasis. In fact, men are more likely to develop kidney stones than women. The higher incidence in men is thought to be related to differences in diet, fluid intake, and urinary tract anatomy.

Choice C rationale
Dehydration is a major risk factor for urolithiasis. When the body is dehydrated, urine becomes more concentrated, which increases the likelihood of stone formation. Adequate hydration helps to dilute the urine and reduce the risk of stone formation.
Choice D rationale
Family history is a known risk factor for urolithiasis. Individuals with a family history of kidney stones are more likely to develop them due to genetic predispositions that affect factors such as urine composition and kidney function.

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A nurse is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to self-administer regular insulin and NPH insulin from the same syringe. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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