A nurse is monitoring a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

Hypercalcemia

Elevated BUN

Metabolic alkalosis

Hypokalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hypercalcemia: AKI is typically associated with hypocalcemia because the kidneys fail to convert vitamin D to its active form, reducing calcium absorption.

B. Elevated BUN: AKI leads to impaired renal filtration, causing elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels due to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste.

C. Metabolic alkalosis: AKI usually causes metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, due to the accumulation of acids (e.g., lactic acid, uremic toxins).

D. Hypokalemia: AKI commonly leads to hyperkalemia due to reduced potassium excretion.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Milk and organ meats. These foods do not contain excessive sodium.

B. Cheese, lunch meats, and canned vegetables: These foods are high in sodium, which can worsen hypernatremia by increasing serum sodium levels. Processed meats and canned vegetables contain excess salt and preservatives.

C. Alcohol and fried foods. Alcohol can cause dehydration, but not necessarily high sodium levels.

D. Green leafy vegetables and salt substitutes. Green leafy vegetables are low in sodium, and some salt substitutes contain potassium, not sodium.

A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis C. Metabolic Acidosis D. Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Respiratory Alkalosis: Would have low PaCO2 (<35 mmHg), not high.

B. Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis: The pH is high (alkalosis), and the HCO3 is elevated, which indicates metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 is high, meaning the lungs are attempting to compensate by retaining CO₂ to lower the pH. Because the pH is still abnormal, this is partial compensation.

C. Metabolic Acidosis: Would have low pH and low HCO3 (<22 mEq/L).

D. Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis: The primary problem is metabolic, not respiratory.

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