A nurse is planning care for a client who has terminal cancer and is nearing the end of life. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
Place the client in a supine position
Remind the client to eat scheduled meals daily.
Offer the client a blanket to keep warm.
Speak in a loud tone when addressing the client
The Correct Answer is C
A. Place the client in a supine position. As clients near the end of life, the supine position may compromise breathing. A semi-Fowler’s or lateral position is usually preferred to promote comfort and respiratory ease.
B. Remind the client to eat scheduled meals daily. At the end of life, appetite typically decreases, and forcing food can cause discomfort. Nutrition should be offered based on the client's desire, not forced on a strict schedule.
C. Offer the client a blanket to keep warm. Clients nearing death often experience peripheral circulation decline, leading to feelings of coldness. Providing a blanket promotes comfort and warmth without being invasive.
D. Speak in a loud tone when addressing the client. Loud speech can be disorienting and distressing, especially if the client is already weak or confused. Use a calm, clear, and gentle tone to provide comfort and maintain dignity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Arrange for an ethics committee meeting to address the family's concerns. An ethics committee can provide guidance in situations where there is conflict between advance directives and family wishes. This supports ethical decision-making while honoring the client’s autonomy and legal rights.
B. Complete an incident report. An incident report is used for errors or unusual events, not ethical dilemmas or conflicts over advance directives. It is not appropriate in this scenario.
C. Support the family's decision and initiate life-sustaining measures. The nurse is legally and ethically bound to follow the client’s advance directives, not the family’s wishes, especially when the client’s decisions are documented and clear.
D. Encourage the family to contact an attorney. While families have legal rights, referring them directly to an attorney does not address the immediate ethical issue or facilitate collaborative resolution in the care setting.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "My home has running water and electricity." This statement suggests adequate access to basic utilities, which supports hygiene and reduces risk for illness. It does not indicate a health risk.
B. "I eat vegetables directly from the field where I work." This poses a significant health risk due to potential pesticide exposure and contamination with harmful chemicals or microbes. Produce should be properly washed before consumption to reduce the risk of illness or poisoning.
C. "I wear a hat and long sleeves while I am working." This is a protective behavior, helping to reduce sun exposure, skin damage, and pesticide contact, and is not a health risk.
D. "I am currently sharing my home with two roommates." While crowded living conditions can pose some risk, this alone does not indicate a major health concern, especially if basic sanitation and ventilation are adequate.
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