A nurse is planning care for a client who is scheduled to have a kidney biopsy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply)

Informed consent obtained by MD

Obtain coagulation studies

Administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl) prior to the procedure.

Obtain a urine specimen prior to the procedure

Maintain NPO status prior to the procedure.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

Choice A reason: Informed consent must be obtained by the physician before the procedure to ensure the patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives.
Choice B reason: Obtaining coagulation studies is essential to assess the patient's bleeding risk before a biopsy, which involves puncturing tissue and can cause bleeding.
Choice C reason: Administering diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is not typically required for a kidney biopsy. Pre-medications may be prescribed based on individual patient needs, but it is not a standard practice.
Choice D reason: A urine specimen is necessary to check for existing infections or abnormalities before the biopsy is performed.
Choice E reason: Maintaining NPO (nothing by mouth) status prior to the procedure helps reduce the risk of aspiration during sedation or anesthesia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Monitoring bowel sounds is important for assessing gastrointestinal function, but it does not directly measure the effectiveness of lactulose in treating hepatic encephalopathy.
Choice B reason: Temperature monitoring is essential for detecting infection, but it does not indicate the effectiveness of lactulose in reducing ammonia levels.
Choice C reason: Abdominal pain should be monitored as a potential side effect of lactulose, but it is not an indicator of its effectiveness in treating hepatic encephalopathy.
Choice D reason: Stool frequency is the correct measure for monitoring the effectiveness of lactulose. Lactulose works by promoting the excretion of ammonia in the stool, thereby reducing serum ammonia levels and improving the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Increased stool frequency indicates the medication is working.

A. Prostatic cancer B. Colon cancer C. Liver cancer D. Breast cancer

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: An increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is primarily indicative of prostatic conditions, including prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels can be a sign of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis. It is an important marker used in the screening and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Choice B reason: Colon cancer does not typically result in elevated PSA levels. Instead, colon cancer is often associated with markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PSA is specific to prostate tissue, and its elevation is not related to colon cancer.
Choice C reason: Liver cancer is not associated with increased PSA levels. Liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and imaging studies are more relevant in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver cancer. PSA levels do not provide information about liver cancer.
Choice D reason: Breast cancer does not affect PSA levels. Breast cancer markers include CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and others specific to breast tissue. PSA is a prostate-specific marker and is not used in the context of breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who is scheduled to have a kidney biopsy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The healthcare provider prescribes lactulose for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy. Which data would the nurse monitor for effectiveness of this medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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