A nurse is planning care for a school-age child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which insulin preparations are either rapid or short acting? (Select all that apply.).

The correct answer is choice C. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.

Choice A rationale:

The child's fever in Kawasaki disease is not usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours. Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory condition of blood vessels, and it doesn't typically respond to antibiotics. The fever associated with Kawasaki disease often persists even with appropriate treatment, and the management focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing complications.

Choice B rationale:

Aspirin is not contraindicated in Kawasaki disease. In fact, aspirin is a key component of the therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease. It is used to reduce inflammation and prevent the development of coronary artery aneurysms, a severe complication of the disease. However, the dosing of aspirin in Kawasaki disease is different from its use for pain relief, and it should be administered under medical supervision.

Choice C rationale:

Therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease does include administration of gamma globulin and aspirin. Gamma globulin is given to reduce the risk of coronary artery involvement and aneurysm formation. Aspirin, at a specific dose regimen, is used to decrease inflammation and platelet aggregation, thus preventing clot formation in the coronary arteries.

Choice D rationale:

The principal area of involvement in Kawasaki disease is not the joints. Kawasaki disease primarily affects the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries. The inflammation of these arteries can lead to the development of coronary artery aneurysms, which is a critical concern in Kawasaki disease. Joint involvement is not a prominent feature of this condition.

The correct answer is Choice C: Hepatitis B vaccine.

Choice A rationale:

The Hepatitis C vaccine is not currently recommended for routine immunization of newborns. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, and the risk of transmission from mother to newborn is relatively low compared to Hepatitis B.

Choice B rationale:

While Hepatitis A and B vaccines are important for certain populations, including those at higher risk of infection or complications, they are not routinely recommended for all newborns. Hepatitis B vaccination, however, is recommended to be given to all newborns to prevent vertical transmission from mother to child.

Choice C rationale:

Hepatitis B vaccine is now recommended for the immunization of all newborns. This is because vertical transmission of the Hepatitis B virus from mother to child is a significant route of infection. By vaccinating newborns with the Hepatitis B vaccine, the risk of transmission and subsequent development of chronic Hepatitis B infection can be greatly reduced.

Choice D rationale:

Hepatitis A vaccine is not routinely recommended for all newborns. Hepatitis A is typically spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the risk of vertical transmission from mother to newborn is low compared to Hepatitis B.