A nurse is planning to teach a group of clients about heart healthy food choices at a community health fair. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

Limit egg yolks to five per week.

Limit meat intake to 10 oz per day.

Choose oily fish for two meals each week.

Choose ground beef that is 70% lean.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Limit egg yolks to five per week: Egg yolks are high in cholesterol, which can contribute to an increased risk of heart disease if consumed in large quantities. While limiting egg yolks can be beneficial, most current guidelines suggest a more flexible approach. Restricting them to five per week may not be the most accurate advice for a general heart-healthy diet.
B. Limit meat intake to 10 oz per day: 10 oz of lean meat a day is generally considered an acceptable amount for a heart-healthy diet however the recommendation could vary depending on the type of meat and its fat content. Instead, the focus should be on choosing lean proteins and limiting processed meats, rather than setting a strict limit on all meat consumption.
C. Choose oily fish for two meals each week: Oily fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering triglycerides, reducing inflammation, and improving overall heart health. Consuming oily fish twice a week is consistent with current dietary guidelines aimed at promoting cardiovascular health.
D. Choose ground beef that is 70% lean: Ground beef that is only 70% lean is considered too fatty for a heart-healthy diet, as it is high in saturated fats which can increase cholesterol levels and contribute to heart disease. It is more beneficial to choose leaner options like 90% lean ground beef or plant-based alternatives, which are lower in unhealthy fats and better for heart health.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Elevate the head of the bed: Raising the head of the bed to at least 30 to 45 degrees is the first and most essential action to reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral feeding. This position helps ensure that the formula flows into the stomach by gravity and minimizes the potential for reflux of gastric contents into the lungs, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia.
B. Attach the barrel of the syringe to the tube after removing the plunger: This step is necessary for gravity-based enteral feeding when using a syringe. However, it should only be done after confirming tube placement and ensuring the patient is positioned properly. Attaching the syringe before proper safety precautions increases the risk of aspiration.
C. Insert air into the tube before pulling back gastric contents: Injecting air into the gastrostomy tube is part of the verification process to confirm tube placement, often followed by aspirating gastric contents. While this is important, it is not the very first action. The client's head must be elevated first to ensure safety before any manipulation of the tube begins.
D. Flush the tube with 30 mL water: Flushing is necessary to ensure tube patency and to prevent blockage before and after feedings. However, it is not the first step in the procedure. Elevating the head of the bed comes before flushing to prevent aspiration during any subsequent feeding or fluid administration.

A. Cooking in a stainless-steel skillet increases the amount of iron in the food. B. Drinking orange juice with iron supplements can decrease absorption. C. Drinking iced tea with meals can increase the amount of iron absorbed. D. Fish and poultry are primary sources of heme iron.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Cooking in a stainless-steel skillet increases the amount of iron in the food: Stainless steel does not leach iron into food. Cast iron cookware may increase iron content in food, but stainless steel has no significant impact on dietary iron levels and should not be relied upon for supplementation.
B. Drinking orange juice with iron supplements can decrease absorption: Orange juice contains vitamin C, which enhances non-heme iron absorption. It helps convert ferric iron to its more absorbable ferrous form, so this combination actually improves iron absorption rather than reducing it.
C. Drinking iced tea with meals can increase the amount of iron absorbed: Iced tea contains tannins, which bind to iron and reduce its absorption. Consuming tea with meals interferes with the body’s ability to absorb dietary non-heme iron, particularly from plant-based sources.
D. Fish and poultry are primary sources of heme iron: Heme iron is found in animal sources like fish and poultry and is more readily absorbed by the body than non-heme iron from plant sources. Including these foods supports iron intake in clients with iron-deficiency anemia.

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A nurse is planning to teach a group of clients about heart healthy food choices at a community health fair. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

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