A nurse is planning to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about hypernatremia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Seizure
Elevated hematocrit
Bradypnea
Personality change
The Correct Answer is D
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. “Rise slowly when getting out of bed.": Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause orthostatic hypotension due to fluid loss. Teaching the client to rise slowly helps prevent dizziness and falls associated with sudden position changes.
B. "Eat foods that are high in sodium.": Sodium intake should be limited in clients with heart failure, as high sodium can worsen fluid retention and counteract the effects of diuretics like furosemide.
C. “Taking furosemide can cause you to be overhydrated.": Furosemide increases urine output and poses a risk of dehydration, not overhydration. Monitoring fluid balance is essential during treatment.
D. "Taking furosemide can cause your potassium levels to be high.": Furosemide can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium), not hyperkalemia. Clients may need potassium supplementation or dietary adjustments to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Why do you think your partner's symptoms are progressing so quickly?” This question can feel blaming and may cause the partner to become defensive, which is not therapeutic. This response shifts the burden of explanation to the partner and doesn't directly address their expressed feeling of being overwhelmed.
B. “You did the right thing by bringing your partner in for treatment.” While supportive, this statement shuts down further discussion and does not encourage the partner to express feelings or concerns.
C. “Can you talk about what was happening with your partner at home.” This open-ended question encourages the partner to share feelings and experiences, fostering communication and therapeutic rapport.
D. “You should make sure your partner takes the prescribed medication.” This response is prescriptive and shifts immediately to an action plan without first acknowledging or exploring the partner's current emotional state and the overwhelming situation they are describing. .
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