A nurse is planning to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about hypernatremia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Seizure
Elevated hematocrit
Bradypnea
Personality change
The Correct Answer is D
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Make sure you are holding your baby when your son comes to visit you in the hospital.”: While involving the older sibling can help with bonding, holding the newborn continuously may cause feelings of jealousy or exclusion in the 4-year-old child.
B. “Surprise your son with a new bedroom after you bring the baby home.”: Sudden changes like moving a child’s bedroom without preparation can increase anxiety and feelings of insecurity during a time of significant family adjustment.
C. “Use medical terminology when teaching your son about your new baby.”: Using complex medical terms may confuse a preschooler; age-appropriate language and simple explanations are more effective for understanding and comfort.
D. "Purchase a gift to give to your son from your baby.”: Providing a gift from the new baby helps the older child feel included, valued, and less jealous, fostering positive feelings about the sibling relationship and easing the transition.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. “Limit your fluid intake to 500 milliliters per day.”: Severely limiting fluid intake can lead to dehydration and concentrated urine, which may irritate the bladder and worsen symptoms. Adequate hydration is essential for urinary tract health and bladder training.
B. "Plan to urinate every 3 hours while you are awake.”: Scheduled voiding helps train the bladder to hold urine for longer periods and can reduce episodes of urgency and incontinence. A regular schedule is a foundational component of bladder retraining.
C. “Take your diuretic medication with your evening meal.”: Taking diuretics in the evening can lead to nocturia and sleep disruption. These medications should be taken in the morning to avoid increased nighttime urinary frequency.
D. "Decrease your intake of cranberry juice.": Cranberry juice is often encouraged for urinary health, particularly for preventing infections. It does not worsen urge incontinence and does not need to be restricted unless contraindicated for another reason.
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