A nurse is preparing a client for a diagnostic procedure to confirm leukemia. Which test is commonly used to assess the client's bone marrow?

A) This choice is incorrect because a history of frequent dental cavities is not a known risk factor for leukemia.

B) This choice is incorrect because allergies to pollen and pet dander are not associated with an increased risk of leukemia.

C) This choice is incorrect because recurrent urinary tract infections are not known to be a risk factor for leukemia.

D) This choice is correct. Previous treatment with chemotherapy and radiation is a significant risk factor for developing leukemia. Certain chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy can damage healthy blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, potentially leading to the development of leukemia later on. This type of leukemia is often referred to as secondary or treatment-related leukemia.

A) This choice is incorrect because chronic leukemia can affect both children and adults, not just children and young adults.

B) This choice is incorrect because chronic leukemia progresses more slowly than acute leukemia and does not typically require immediate treatment.

C) This choice is correct. Chronic leukemia is characterized by the overproduction of mature and functional white blood cells. Unlike acute leukemia, the abnormal cells in chronic leukemia are more developed and functional, but they may not function correctly, leading to an accumulation of these cells in the blood.

D) This choice is incorrect because chronic leukemia usually presents with milder symptoms compared to acute leukemia. Hospitalization is not typically required unless complications arise.