A nurse is caring for a patient that is prescribed with a controlled substance. Which of the following statements accurately describes controlled substances?

Controlled substances do not have the potential for abuse.

Controlled substances do not have the potential for dependence.

Controlled substances do not have the potential for misuse.

Controlled substances have a Schedule classification.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Controlled substances do not have the potential for abuse: This is incorrect, as controlled substances have varying degrees of abuse potential.
B.   Controlled substances do not have the potential for dependence: This is incorrect, as many controlled substances have the potential for dependence.
C.   Controlled substances do not have the potential for misuse: Controlled substances often have misuse potential, which is why they are regulated.
D.   Controlled substances have a Schedule classification: This is correct. Controlled substances are classified into schedules based on their potential for abuse and dependence.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Vomiting is not typically associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). However, prochlorperazine is used to prevent nausea and vomiting, so vomiting would not be related to EPS.
B. Restlessness (also called akathisia) is a common symptom of EPS, which is a movement disorder that can occur as a side effect of antipsychotic medications like prochlorperazine. Other symptoms may include tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
C. Pulmonary edema is not a sign of EPS. It is a serious condition involving fluid accumulation in the lungs, typically related to heart failure or other serious health conditions.
D. Nausea is not a sign of EPS. While prochlorperazine is used to treat nausea, EPS symptoms typically involve abnormal movements or muscle control issues.

A. This medication works in the high-ceiling loop diuretics work in the loop of Henle. It blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water, which causes extensive diuresis even with severe renal impairment B. This medication works in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water. C. This medication reduces intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing fluid back into the vascular and extravascular space. D. This medication blocks the action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention), which results in potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This statement is incorrect because spironolactone is not a loop diuretic and does not act in the loop of Henle. It works in the distal tubules of the kidney.
B. This description is more accurate for thiazide diuretics. Spironolactone works as an aldosterone antagonist and primarily affects sodium and water retention.
C. This description applies to osmotic diuretics like mannitol, not spironolactone.
D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking aldosterone, preventing sodium and water retention, while promoting the retention of potassium.

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A nurse is caring for a patient that is prescribed with a controlled substance. Which of the following statements accurately describes controlled substances?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse administered prochlorperazine (Compazine) IV to a client three hours ago. The nurse understands that a complication of this medication includes extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Which of the following signs indicate EPS?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client has a new prescription of spironolactone (Aldactone), and wants to learn about how the mechanism of action of this medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse explain to the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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