A nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse administer?
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Varicella (VAR)
Hepatitis B (HepB)
Meningococcal (MCV4)
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine is not the correct choice, as it is usually given to children at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. A 4-year-old child should have already completed the Hib vaccine series.
Choice B reason: Varicella (VAR) vaccine is the correct choice, as it is recommended for children at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years of age. A 4-year-old child is due for the second dose of the VAR vaccine.
Choice C reason: Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine is not the correct choice, as it is usually given to children at birth, 1 to 2 months, and 6 to 18 months of age. A 4-year-old child should have already completed the HepB vaccine series.
Choice D reason: Meningococcal (MCV4) vaccine is not the correct choice, as it is not routinely recommended for children younger than 11 years of age. MCV4 vaccine is given to children at 11 to 12 years and 16 years of age, or to children with certain high-risk conditions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are indicated for septic shock caused by bacterial infection, as they can target a wide range of pathogens and prevent further sepsis. Fluid boluses are also essential to restore the intravascular volume and improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
Choice B reason: Antipyretics and oxygen therapy are not sufficient to treat septic shock, as they do not address the underlying infection or the hypovolemia. Antipyretics may lower the temperature, but they do not eliminate the bacteria. Oxygen therapy may improve the pulse oximeter reading, but it does not correct the hypoperfusion.
Choice C reason: Vasopressors and blood transfusions are not the first-line treatments for septic shock, as they may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and the coagulation cascade. Vasopressors may increase the blood pressure, but they may also cause vasoconstriction and reduce the blood flow to vital organs. Blood transfusions may increase the hemoglobin level, but they may also increase the risk of fluid overload, hemolysis, and transfusion reactions.
Choice D reason: Corticosteroids and antihistamines are not indicated for septic shock, as they do not have any proven benefits and may have harmful effects on the immune system and the inflammatory response. Corticosteroids may suppress the adrenal function and increase the risk of infection. Antihistamines may cause sedation and dryness of the mucous membranes.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Mumps is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the salivary glands. It is transmitted by respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. The nurse should initiate droplet precautions, which include wearing a surgical mask, gloves, and gown, and keeping the child in a private room or with other children who have mumps.
Choice B reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Airborne precautions are used for infections that are transmitted by small particles that can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time, such as tuberculosis, chickenpox, or measles. Mumps is not an airborne infection, and the nurse does not need to wear a respirator or place the child in a negative pressure room.
Choice C reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Contact precautions are used for infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact with the infected person or their environment, such as scabies, impetigo, or MRSA. Mumps is not a contact infection, and the nurse does not need to wear gloves and gown for all interactions with the child or use disposable equipment.
Choice D reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Standard precautions are the minimum level of infection control that should be used for all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. They include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, and environmental cleaning. However, they are not sufficient for preventing the transmission of mumps, and the nurse should use additional precautions.
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