A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the mother of a 9-month-old infant regarding appropriate dietary choices.
Which of the following observations by the nurse indicates a need for further teaching?
The infant eats the same foods prepared for the rest of the family.
The infant drinks 2 quarts of whole milk a day.
The infant drinks from a cup with a cover.
The mother gives the infant finger foods, such as apple slices for a snack.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
It’s not uncommon for infants to eat the same foods prepared for the rest of the family, especially if these foods are healthy and properly prepared. However, it’s important to note that certain foods may pose a choking hazard or may not be suitable for an infant’s digestive system. For example, honey should not be given to children under 1 year of age due to the risk of botulism.
Choice B rationale
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants under 12 months of age should not drink cow’s milk. Cow’s milk lacks the necessary nutrients that infants need for growth and development. It also contains high concentrations of protein and minerals, which can stress an infant’s kidneys and cause other health problems.
Choice C rationale
Drinking from a cup with a cover, also known as a sippy cup, is a normal part of an infant’s development. It helps the child transition from a bottle to a regular cup. However, it’s important to monitor the child’s use of a sippy cup as prolonged use can lead to tooth decay.
Choice D rationale
Giving an infant finger foods like apple slices is a good way to encourage self-feeding and develop fine motor skills. However, the food should be cut into small, manageable pieces to prevent choking.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
At 10 months, it is normal for an infant to not be able to recognize objects by name. Language development varies greatly among children, and many do not start to understand and respond to simple requests and recognize common objects until around 12 months.
Choice B rationale
The ability to turn pages in a book is a fine motor skill that typically develops around 12 to 18 months. Therefore, it is normal for a 10-month-old infant to not have this ability.
Choice C rationale
Peek-a-boo is a common game that many infants enjoy. However, not all infants may show interest in this game. Lack of interest in peek-a-boo is not necessarily a cause for concern.
Choice D rationale
By 10 months, most infants can sit without support. If a 10-month-old infant does not sit steadily without support, it could indicate a delay in motor development and should be reported to the provider.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Lethargy in a child who is 2 days postoperative following the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could indicate a serious problem such as shunt malfunction or infection, and should be the priority.
Choice B rationale
A respiratory rate of 20/min is within the normal range for a 4-year-old child and is not typically a cause for concern.
Choice C rationale
Lying flat on the unaffected side is not typically a cause for concern following ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.
Choice D rationale
A urine output of 50 mL in 2 hr is within the normal range for a 4-year-old child and is not typically a cause for concern.
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