A nurse is preparing to catheterize a toddler for a urine culture. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Discard the first 10 mL of urine.

Don sterile gloves prior to the procedure.

Obtain a 12-French catheter.

Apply EMLA cream prior to the procedure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:

Discarding the first 10 mL of urine is a common practice for obtaining a urine sample for certain tests, but it is not specifically necessary for a urine culture. In a urine culture, the goal is to obtain a sample directly from the bladder to identify any bacteria present, so discarding the initial urine is not necessary.

Choice B reason

Donning sterile gloves prior to the procedure is the appropriate action for the nurse to take. When catheterizing a toddler for a urine culture, it is essential to maintain a sterile procedure to reduce the risk of infection and ensure the safety of the child. Using sterile gloves is a crucial step in preventing contamination during the catheterization process.

Choice C reason

The size of the catheter (12-French) mentioned in option C may not be appropriate for a toddler. The size of the catheter used for a toddler would generally be smaller, depending on the age and size of the child. The appropriate catheter size should be determined based on the child's age and condition.

Choice D reason

EMLA cream is a topical anaesthetic cream used to numb the skin before certain procedures. While it might be appropriate in some cases, it is not typically used for catheterization procedures in toddlers. Catheterization is a quick procedure, and using EMLA cream may not be necessary or practical in this situation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A: Incorrect. Hospital-based hospice care is not a service provided by PACE, which is a program that offers comprehensive medical and social services to eligible older adults who wish to remain in their own homes and communities.

B: Incorrect. Transfer to a skilled care facility is not a goal of PACE, which aims to prevent or delay institutionalization by providing coordinated care and support to older adults with chronic conditions and functional limitations.

C: Incorrect. Telehealth for pacemaker diagnostics is not a specific service offered by PACE, which provides primary care, specialty care, prescription drugs, home health care, personal care, transportation, and other services as needed.

D: Correct. Adult day care services are part of the PACE program, which helps older adults maintain their independence and quality of life by providing socialization, supervision, and assistance with activities of daily living.

A. Elevated energy level B. Powerful craving for more C. High self-esteem D. Euphoria

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug that increases the levels of dopamine in the brain, which is a chemical messenger related to movement, pleasure, and motivation.
Cocaine's eﬀects appear almost immediately and last for a few minutes to an hour, depending on the method of use. Some of the short-term eﬀects of cocaine include extreme happiness and energy, mental alertness, hypersensitivity to sight, sound, and touch, and irritability.
An elevated energy level is one of the most common and noticeable eﬀects of cocaine use, as cocaine stimulates the central nervous system and makes the user feel more alert, active, and confident¹². This eﬀect may also lead to increased physical activity, talkativeness, or aggression.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer, while options B, C, and D are incorrect.

Option B is incorrect because a powerful craving for more cocaine is not a behavior that can be observed by others, but rather an internal feeling that the user may experience due to the addictive nature of the drug.

Option C is incorrect because high self-esteem is not a typical eﬀect of cocaine use, as cocaine may cause paranoia or anxiety in some users.

Option D is incorrect because euphoria is not a behavior that can be observed by others, but rather an emotional state that the user may feel due to the increased dopamine levels in the brain

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A nurse is preparing to catheterize a toddler for a urine culture. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take?

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