A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A rationale

Constipation is not a common adverse effect of aspirin therapy. Aspirin primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract by causing irritation, which can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Constipation is more commonly associated with medications that slow down bowel movements, such as opioids.
Choice B rationale
Blurred vision is not typically associated with aspirin therapy. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and pain. Blurred vision is more commonly associated with medications that affect the central nervous system or have anticholinergic effects.
Choice C rationale
Insomnia is not a common adverse effect of aspirin therapy. Aspirin does not have stimulant properties that would interfere with sleep. Insomnia is more commonly associated with medications that have stimulating effects, such as caffeine or certain antidepressants.
Choice D rationale
Bleeding is a well-known adverse effect of aspirin therapy. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding. This can manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding, easy bruising, or prolonged bleeding from cuts. Patients taking aspirin should be monitored for signs of bleeding and advised to report any unusual bleeding to their healthcare provider.

Choice A rationale
Avoiding bubble baths is a correct measure for preventing UTIs. Bubble baths can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of infection by allowing bacteria to enter the urinary tract. The warm, soapy water can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the genital area, making it easier for harmful bacteria to thrive and cause infections.
Choice B rationale
Voiding after sexual intercourse is a correct measure for preventing UTIs. During sexual activity, bacteria can be introduced into the urethra. By urinating after intercourse, the client can help flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection.
Choice C rationale
Wiping the perineal area from back to front after urination is incorrect and indicates the need for further teaching. This practice can transfer bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, increasing the risk of UTIs. The correct method is to wipe from front to back to prevent the spread of bacteria.
Choice D rationale
Drinking at least 8 full glasses of liquid each day is a correct measure for preventing UTIs. Adequate hydration helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection. Drinking plenty of fluids ensures that the bladder is emptied regularly, which helps prevent the buildup of bacteria.