A nurse is providing care to a client who has dyslexia.
Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
The client has difficulty reading.
The client has difficulty solving math problems.
The client is unable to write in cursive.
The client is unable to communicate through writing.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor decoding and spelling abilities. These difficulties typically stem from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction, manifesting as significant trouble reading.
Choice B rationale
Difficulty solving math problems is characteristic of dyscalculia, another specific learning disorder. While learning disorders can co-occur, dyslexia specifically pertains to challenges in language-based processing related to reading and spelling, not primary mathematical reasoning or calculation, which involves different cognitive pathways.
Choice C rationale
The ability to write in cursive is a motor skill, and while some individuals with dyslexia may have co-occurring fine motor difficulties, it is not a defining or universal characteristic of dyslexia itself. Dyslexia primarily impacts the decoding and encoding of written language, irrespective of the specific script used (print or cursive).
Choice D rationale
While individuals with severe dyslexia may struggle with written communication due to difficulties with spelling and sentence construction, they are generally able to communicate through writing. The core deficit in dyslexia is primarily related to the mechanical act of reading and spelling words, not a complete inability to form written thoughts or express themselves on paper.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia represent a diminution or absence of normal mental functions, contrasting with positive symptoms which are an excess or distortion of normal functions. A lack of emotions, specifically blunted or flat affect, where there is a reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, is a classic negative symptom.
Choice B rationale
Confusion is a general cognitive symptom that can be present in various psychiatric or neurological conditions and is not specifically categorized as a negative symptom of schizophrenia. While cognitive deficits are part of the disorder, confusion is a broader term.
Choice C rationale
Distorted beliefs, specifically delusions, are hallmark positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. They represent an addition or exaggeration of normal thought processes.
Choice D rationale
Paranoia, which involves suspiciousness and a belief that others are trying to harm oneself, is a type of delusion, and thus a positive symptom of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms involve the presence of abnormal thoughts or behaviors, unlike negative symptoms.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Individuals with binge-eating disorder often experience significant shame, guilt, and distress after binge episodes. This statement reflects the profound negative emotional impact, including feelings of defeat and a desire for social withdrawal, which are characteristic psychological consequences of uncontrolled overeating in this disorder.
Choice B rationale
Binge eating is typically driven by emotional dysregulation, stress, or a sense of loss of control, rather than being a planned reward system. While some might associate food with comfort, the compulsive nature of binges in this disorder is not typically a deliberate self-reward mechanism for task completion.
Choice C rationale
A hallmark of binge-eating disorder is a feeling of being out of control during eating episodes. Clients typically report an inability to stop eating once a binge starts, regardless of satiety cues or desires to control the pace, indicating a loss of regulatory control over food intake.
Choice D rationale
While hunger can precede eating, binges in binge-eating disorder are often triggered by emotional states, stress, or psychological factors rather than solely physiological hunger. The overwhelming urge to consume large quantities of food often transcends normal hunger cues, becoming a maladaptive coping mechanism.
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