A nurse is providing care to a client who has dyslexia.
Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?

Choice A rationale

While some medications, like atypical antipsychotics or mood stabilizers, may be used off-label to target specific symptoms like severe aggression or impulsivity in ODD, they are not considered primary treatments for the disorder itself. ODD is fundamentally a behavioral disorder, and pharmacological interventions are typically reserved for co-occurring conditions or severe, unmanageable symptoms.

Choice B rationale

This statement is too absolute. While ODD is primarily a behavioral disorder and medication is not the first-line treatment, it's inaccurate to state that medication is never used. In some cases, medication might be considered to manage co-occurring conditions, such as ADHD, or severe symptoms that impede behavioral interventions.

Choice C rationale

Oppositional defiant disorder is primarily a behavioral disorder characterized by defiant and disobedient behaviors, not a primary brain disorder responsive to specific psychotropic medications. Treatment focuses on behavioral interventions like parent management training, family therapy, and individual psychotherapy to modify learned maladaptive behaviors and improve coping mechanisms.

Choice D rationale

This statement, while true in a general sense, does not provide specific, helpful information regarding the treatment of ODD. It avoids directly addressing the parent's concern about medication for this specific disorder and lacks the scientific specificity needed for an effective nursing response.

Choice A rationale

Somatic symptom disorder involves experiencing physical symptoms without a clear medical cause, leading to significant distress or functional impairment. The primary focus is on the physical symptoms themselves, rather than a pervasive fear of acquiring a disease, differentiating it from the client's described extreme fear. This disorder often includes excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms.

Choice B rationale

Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, despite the absence of significant somatic symptoms. Individuals exhibit high levels of anxiety about health and frequently engage in excessive health-related behaviors like repeated body checking, which aligns precisely with the client's described manifestations. This anxiety persists even after medical reassurance.

Choice C rationale

Functional neurological symptom disorder, also known as conversion disorder, involves neurological symptoms like paralysis or blindness that are inconsistent with known neurological conditions. The distress manifests as a loss of function rather than a fear of acquiring disease or repetitive body checking behaviors. The symptoms are not intentionally produced and are thought to be related to psychological factors.

Choice D rationale

Factitious disorder is characterized by the falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception. The motivation for these behaviors is to assume the sick role, not an actual fear of having or acquiring a disease, nor is it merely repeated body checking due to anxiety. This disorder involves intentional deception.