A nurse is providing education regarding biologic threats. When discussing anthrax, which of the following should be included as potential portals of entry? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Central nervous system

Integumentary system

Respiratory system

Renal system

Gastrointestinal system

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

Choice A reason:

The central nervous system is not a common portal of entry for anthrax. Anthrax primarily enters the body through the skin, respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal tract. While it can affect the central nervous system if it spreads, it is not a primary entry point.

Choice B reason:

The integumentary system, or skin, is a common portal of entry for anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax occurs when Bacillus anthracis spores enter the body through a cut or abrasion on the skin. This form of anthrax is characterized by a localized infection that can develop into a painless ulcer with a black center.

Choice C reason:

The respiratory system is another primary portal of entry for anthrax. Inhalation anthrax occurs when spores are inhaled into the lungs. This form of anthrax is particularly dangerous and can lead to severe respiratory distress and systemic infection if not treated promptly.

Choice D reason:

The renal system is not a typical portal of entry for anthrax. While anthrax can affect multiple organ systems if it becomes systemic, it does not enter the body through the kidneys or urinary tract.

Choice E reason:

The gastrointestinal system is a potential portal of entry for anthrax. Gastrointestinal anthrax occurs when spores are ingested, typically through contaminated food or water. This form of anthrax can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic infection.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

The epidemiologic triangle is a model used to explain the factors that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. It consists of three components: the agent (the cause of the disease), the host (the organism harboring the disease), and the environment (the external factors that allow the disease to spread). This model helps nurses understand how diseases are transmitted and identify strategies for prevention and control.

Choice B reason:

Levels of prevention refer to the different stages of disease prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. While important for understanding how to prevent and manage diseases, this approach does not specifically explain the factors that allow the reproduction and spread of infectious diseases.

Choice C reason:

The natural history of disease describes the progression of a disease from its onset to its resolution, including the stages of preclinical, clinical, and recovery or death. While this concept is important for understanding disease progression, it does not focus on the factors that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases.

Choice D reason:

Health promotion involves activities and interventions designed to improve health and prevent disease. While health promotion is crucial for overall public health, it does not specifically address the factors that allow the reproduction and spread of infectious diseases.

A. Home care services B. Sub-acute care facility C. Rehabilitation facility D. Skilled nursing facility

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Home care services provide medical and personal care to clients in their homes. While this option may be suitable for clients with less severe symptoms, a client with significant bilateral lower extremities muscle weakness may require more intensive rehabilitation services to improve mobility and function.

Choice B reason:

A sub-acute care facility provides care for clients who need more intensive services than those available in a traditional nursing home but do not require the full resources of a hospital. While this option may be appropriate for some clients, a rehabilitation facility is better suited for addressing the specific needs of a client with significant muscle weakness due to MS.

Choice C reason:

A rehabilitation facility is the most appropriate setting for a client with significant bilateral lower extremities muscle weakness due to MS. These facilities offer specialized programs and therapies designed to improve mobility, strength, and overall function. The client can receive comprehensive care from a multidisciplinary team, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, and neurologists.

Choice D reason:

A skilled nursing facility provides long-term care for clients with chronic conditions or disabilities. While these facilities offer medical care and assistance with daily activities, they may not provide the intensive rehabilitation services needed for a client with significant muscle weakness due to MS.

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A nurse is providing education regarding biologic threats. When discussing anthrax, which of the following should be included as potential portals of entry? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The community health nurse is educating new nurses on the spread of infectious diseases. The nurse utilizes which of the following approaches to explain the factors that allow the reproduction and spread of infectious disease?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is working on discharge planning for a 25-year-old hospitalized client diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The client has significant bilateral lower extremities muscle weakness. Which of the following facilities should the nurse expect this client to be discharged to?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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