A nurse is providing instructions to a client receiving a diuretic that causes potassium loss. Which foods rich in potassium should the nurse recommend? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Spinach

Potatoes

Tomatoes

White rice

Avocados

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. Spinach: Spinach is an excellent source of potassium. It is a leafy green vegetable that provides a significant amount of potassium, making it a suitable choice for clients who are at risk of potassium loss due to diuretic therapy.

B. Potatoes: Potatoes, particularly when eaten with the skin, are rich in potassium. They are a starchy vegetable that can help replenish potassium levels in individuals experiencing potassium loss from diuretic use.

C. Tomatoes: Tomatoes are another good source of potassium. They are versatile and can be incorporated into various dishes, providing both flavor and nutrients, including potassium, which can help offset potassium depletion caused by diuretics.

D. White rice: White rice is not a significant source of potassium compared to other options listed. While it is a carbohydrate-rich food, it does not contain as much potassium as foods like spinach, potatoes, tomatoes, or avocados.

E. Avocados: Avocados are rich in potassium and are considered a nutrient-dense food. They provide healthy fats along with potassium, making them a beneficial choice for individuals who need to replenish potassium levels depleted by diuretics.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 17-year-old who has just had an ankle cast applied: While constipation may occur due to reduced mobility after having an ankle cast applied, teaching about the hazards of straining during bowel movements is not the priority for this client. The immediate concern may be related to cast care and mobility.

B. 60-year-old recovering from a heart attack: This client is recovering from a heart attack, and straining during bowel movements can increase intra-abdominal pressure and potentially lead to complications such as vagal stimulation, which may trigger arrhythmias or further stress the heart. Therefore, teaching about the hazards of straining during bowel movements is essential for this client to prevent complications and promote cardiac safety.

C. 80-year-old admitted for an infected tooth: While constipation may occur as a side effect of certain medications or due to decreased oral intake, teaching about straining during bowel movements is not the immediate priority for this client, given the primary reason for admission is an infected tooth. However, if constipation becomes a concern during the admission, it can be addressed accordingly.

D. 28-year-old new mother of twins: While postpartum mothers may experience constipation due to various factors such as changes in hormone levels, reduced mobility after delivery, and opioid use for pain management, teaching about the hazards of straining during bowel movements may not be the priority compared to other immediate postpartum care needs, such as breastfeeding support, perineal care, and newborn care.

A. Serum K+ 3.6 mEq/L B. Urine specific gravity of 1.012 C. Respiratory rate 18 D. +4 Pedal Pulses

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Serum K+ 3.6 mEq/L: Serum potassium (K+) level of 3.6 mEq/L is within the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and does not specifically validate fluid volume excess. Serum electrolyte levels can be affected by various factors, including hydration status, renal function, and medications. While hypokalemia (low potassium) may be associated with conditions such as diuretic use or excessive fluid loss, it is not a definitive indicator of fluid volume excess.

B. Urine specific gravity of 1.012: Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in the urine and can provide information about the client's hydration status. A specific gravity of 1.012 is within the normal range (typically 1.005 to 1.030), indicating that the urine is neither extremely concentrated nor dilute. While changes in urine specific gravity may suggest alterations in fluid balance, a single measurement alone may not be sufficient to validate the client's fluid status, especially in the context of fluid volume excess.

C. Respiratory rate 18: A respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute falls within the normal range for adults (12-20 breaths per minute) and does not specifically indicate fluid volume excess. Changes in respiratory rate may occur in response to various factors, including respiratory, cardiovascular, or metabolic conditions, but it is not a direct indicator of fluid volume status.

D. +4 Pedal Pulses:

The presence of +4 pedal pulses indicates strong, bounding pulses in the feet. This finding suggests adequate perfusion to the peripheral extremities, which may indicate an appropriate fluid balance. In clients with fluid volume excess, maintaining adequate perfusion to peripheral tissues is essential to prevent complications such as peripheral edema and impaired tissue oxygenation. Strong pedal pulses suggest that perfusion to the lower extremities is not compromised due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output, which can be associated with fluid volume deficit.

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A nurse is providing instructions to a client receiving a diuretic that causes potassium loss. Which foods rich in potassium should the nurse recommend? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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