A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function."
"I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter."
"I will keep my HbA1c at five percent."
"I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter."
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Albumin in the urine is not an indication of normal kidney function. The presence of albumin in the urine, known as albuminuria, is a sign of kidney damage, especially in individuals with diabetes. It's essential for individuals with diabetes to monitor and manage their kidney health, as kidney damage is a common complication.
Choice B rationale:
Blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter are higher than the recommended target range for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Maintaining blood glucose levels within a healthy range (typically 80-130 mg/dL fasting) is important to prevent complications.
Choice C rationale:
An HbA1c level of five percent is unrealistically low and not achievable. The HbA1c level reflects the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months. While lower HbA1c levels are associated with better diabetes control, aiming for an HbA1c of five percent would pose a risk of hypoglycemia and potential complications.
Choice D rationale:
The statement "I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter" demonstrates an understanding of the relationship between high blood glucose levels and ketone production. Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to the breakdown of fats for energy, resulting in the production of ketones, which can be detected in the urine. Ketones in the urine can be a sign of inadequate diabetes management and a risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is choice d. “A low-protein diet should be followed for 3 months prior to conception.”
Choice A rationale:
Monitoring serum bilirubin is not relevant for managing phenylketonuria (PKU) during pregnancy. PKU management focuses on maintaining low phenylalanine levels to prevent harm to the developing fetus.
Choice B rationale:
Diet sodas contain aspartame, which is high in phenylalanine and should be completely avoided by individuals with PKU, not just limited to two or three times per week.
Choice C rationale:
Breastfeeding does not prevent a baby from developing PKU. PKU is a genetic disorder, and breastfeeding does not influence the genetic makeup of the baby.
Choice D rationale:
Following a low-protein diet for 3 months prior to conception is crucial for women with PKU. This helps to ensure that phenylalanine levels are low, reducing the risk of birth defects and intellectual disabilities in the baby.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Serum potassium at 4.8 mEq/L is within the normal range (typically around 3.5-5.0 mEq/L), but potassium levels are not the primary concern when assessing the effectiveness of a phosphate binder for end-stage renal disease.
Choice B rationale:
This choice is the correct answer. Total calcium levels around 9.7 mg/dL (normal range approximately 8.5-10.2 mg/dL) are important indicators of the effectiveness of a phosphate binder. These levels reflect the balance between calcium and phosphate in the body, which is crucial for bone health and various physiological functions.
Choice C rationale:
Sodium at 136 mEq/L (normal range approximately 135-145 mEq/L) is within the normal range but is not a direct indicator of the effectiveness of a phosphate binder for end-stage renal disease.
Choice D rationale:
Hemoglobin at 15 g/dL (normal range varies by gender and age but is roughly 12-16 g/dL for adult females and 14-18 g/dL for adult males) is not related to the effectiveness of a phosphate binder. Hemoglobin levels reflect the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and are more relevant in assessing anemia or other blood-related conditions.
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