A nurse is providing teaching to an older adult client about factors that increase the risk of urinary tract infection. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Bladder capacity decreases in older adults.
The urethral sphincter functions less efficiently.
Decreased bladder tone can cause urinary retention.
The ability to concentrate urine decreases.
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Bladder capacity decreases in older adults." While bladder capacity does decrease with age, this alone does not directly increase UTI risk.
B. "The urethral sphincter functions less efficiently." Although sphincter function may decline, this typically leads to incontinence rather than urinary retention, which is the main UTI risk factor.
C. "Decreased bladder tone can cause urinary retention." Urinary retention leads to stasis of urine, promoting bacterial growth and increasing UTI risk.
D. "The ability to concentrate urine decreases." Decreased ability to concentrate urine does not directly cause UTIs, though it may lead to dehydration, which could contribute to UTI risk indirectly.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Consult the social worker to speak with the client about support groups. While a social worker can be a valuable resource, advocacy involves the nurse directly supporting the client rather than referring them to another professional as the primary action.
B. Help the client make decisions about their treatment by providing them with your opinions. Advocacy means ensuring the client has accurate, unbiased information to make informed decisions, not influencing them with personal opinions.
C. Provide the client with a computer to look up questions they have about their diagnosis. While access to information is important, the nurse should provide evidence-based resources and ensure the client receives accurate, professional guidance.
D. Avoid discussing alternative treatments that may have the potential to harm the client. Advocacy includes ensuring the client is aware of safe and effective treatment options while protecting them from misinformation or potentially harmful alternatives.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Temperature of 38° C (100.4° F) A slight fever is not a primary sign of internal bleeding. It could be related to infection or another inflammatory response.
B. Respiratory rate of 10/min Internal bleeding is more likely to cause an increased respiratory rate (tachypnea) due to hypoxia rather than a decreased rate.
C. Heart rate of 112/min Tachycardia (HR >100 bpm) is an early sign of internal bleeding. The body increases the heart rate to compensate for blood loss and maintain perfusion.
D. Blood pressure of 136/88 mm Hg While low blood pressure (hypotension) can indicate severe internal bleeding, this BP is within normal range. However, a sudden drop in BP later would be a concerning sign.
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