A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?
“Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children."
"ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood."
“The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors."
"ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively.”
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children." This statement is false. Extensive research has shown no link between vaccines, including the MMR vaccine, and autism. The original study suggesting a connection was discredited and retracted due to fraudulent data.
B. "ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood." This outdated theory, once known as the "refrigerator mother" hypothesis, has been debunked. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with biological origins, not a result of parenting style.
C. "The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors." This is correct. Research suggests that genetic predisposition, along with environmental influences (such as prenatal factors or advanced parental age), plays a role in ASD development. However, no single cause has been identified.
D. "ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively." There is no scientific evidence that gluten or casein causes autism. While some parents report behavioral improvements on gluten-free or casein-free diets, these diets do not cause or cure autism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Activity. Encouraging physical activity is not appropriate for a preschooler experiencing acute pain, as movement may worsen discomfort or delay healing. Rest is often more beneficial in managing pain from an injury.
B. Warm compress. A warm compress can help relieve muscle tension and improve blood flow, reducing pain perception in certain injuries, such as sprains or muscle aches. It is a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention for preschoolers.
C. Opioids. Opioids are not the first-line treatment for mild to moderate acute pain in children due to the risk of side effects such as respiratory depression and dependence. Less potent pain management options should be used first.
D. Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is a safe and effective analgesic for managing mild to moderate pain in children. It helps reduce discomfort and is commonly used for injuries, fevers, and post-procedural pain.
E. Guided imagery. Guided imagery is a distraction technique that can help preschoolers manage pain by shifting focus away from discomfort. Simple visualizations, like imagining a favorite place or a comforting scenario, can be effective.
F. High protein diet. While a high-protein diet supports tissue healing, it does not provide immediate pain relief. Nutritional support is important for recovery but is not a direct intervention for acute pain management.
Correct Answer is ["3.8"]
Explanation
Convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms:
Formula:
kg = lb / 2.2
= 22 lb / 2.2 lb/kg
= 10 kg
Calculate the total daily dose of dexamethasone:
Total daily dose (mg) = Dose (mg/kg/day) × Weight (kg)
= 1.5 mg/kg/day × 10 kg
= 15 mg/day
Calculate the dose to be administered every 6 hours:
Dose per interval (mg/dose) = Total daily dose (mg/day) / Number of doses per day
= 15 mg/day / 4 doses/day
= 3.75 mg/dose
Calculate the volume of dexamethasone oral solution to administer:
Volume (mL) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
= 3.75 mg / 1 mg/mL
= 3.75 mL
Round to the nearest tenth:
3.75 mL rounded to the nearest tenth is 3.8 mL.
The nurse should administer 3.8 mL per dose.
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