A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?

“Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children."

"ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood."

“The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors."

"ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children." This statement is false. Extensive research has shown no link between vaccines, including the MMR vaccine, and autism. The original study suggesting a connection was discredited and retracted due to fraudulent data.

B. "ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood." This outdated theory, once known as the "refrigerator mother" hypothesis, has been debunked. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with biological origins, not a result of parenting style.

C. "The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors." This is correct. Research suggests that genetic predisposition, along with environmental influences (such as prenatal factors or advanced parental age), plays a role in ASD development. However, no single cause has been identified.

D. "ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively." There is no scientific evidence that gluten or casein causes autism. While some parents report behavioral improvements on gluten-free or casein-free diets, these diets do not cause or cure autism.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Intussusception is a congenital condition where the layers of the intestinal wall do not form properly." Intussusception is not a congenital malformation but an acquired condition where one part of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and potential ischemia.

B. "Intussusception is a consequence of weakened abdominal muscles, allowing a portion of the intestine to bulge." This description is more characteristic of a hernia rather than intussusception, which involves the invagination of the intestine rather than a protrusion.

C. "Intussusception results from the twisting of the intestines, causing a blockage in the passage of food." Twisting of the intestines describes volvulus, a separate condition that can also cause bowel obstruction but occurs through a different mechanism than intussusception.

D. "Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine slides into another, which can cut off blood supply." This is the correct explanation. The telescoping of the intestine can cause bowel obstruction and compromise blood flow, leading to symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of red, currant jelly-like stools.

A. "You should give the child calcium supplements to treat the lead poisoning." B. "Prevent the child from playing in areas where lead-based paint may have been used." C. "Make sure to cook and store food in lead crystal containers to avoid contamination." D. "Let the child play outside often to dilute the concentration of lead in their body."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You should give the child calcium supplements to treat the lead poisoning." While calcium, iron, and vitamin C can help reduce lead absorption, they do not directly treat lead poisoning. Chelation therapy is the primary treatment for high lead levels.

B. "Prevent the child from playing in areas where lead-based paint may have been used." Lead-based paint (commonly found in homes built before 1978) is a major source of lead poisoning in children. Preventing exposure by avoiding contaminated areas and addressing lead hazards is crucial in managing and preventing further poisoning.

C. "Make sure to cook and store food in lead crystal containers to avoid contamination." Lead crystal containers can leach lead into food and beverages, increasing exposure. Glass, stainless steel, or BPA-free plastic containers should be used instead.

D. "Let the child play outside often to dilute the concentration of lead in their body." Outdoor play does not lower lead levels. The body requires proper nutrition, reduced exposure, and medical treatment (such as chelation therapy) to eliminate lead safely.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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