A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?
“Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children."
"ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood."
“The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors."
"ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively.”
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Vaccinations, especially the MMR vaccine, have been proven to be a leading cause of autism in children." This statement is false. Extensive research has shown no link between vaccines, including the MMR vaccine, and autism. The original study suggesting a connection was discredited and retracted due to fraudulent data.
B. "ASD is primarily caused by poor parenting and a lack of nurturing in early childhood." This outdated theory, once known as the "refrigerator mother" hypothesis, has been debunked. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with biological origins, not a result of parenting style.
C. "The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors." This is correct. Research suggests that genetic predisposition, along with environmental influences (such as prenatal factors or advanced parental age), plays a role in ASD development. However, no single cause has been identified.
D. "ASD can be caused by consuming gluten and casein, which are found in wheat and dairy products, respectively." There is no scientific evidence that gluten or casein causes autism. While some parents report behavioral improvements on gluten-free or casein-free diets, these diets do not cause or cure autism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Schedule the child for a follow-up blood test to monitor lead levels over the coming weeks. While ongoing monitoring is important, it is not the immediate priority in a child with extreme lead poisoning. Immediate intervention is needed to manage acute symptoms and prevent further complications.
B. Provide supportive care to manage common symptoms of nausea and pain. This is the correct first action. Severe lead poisoning can cause neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, vomiting, and irritability. Supportive care addresses these symptoms while preparing for further interventions like chelation therapy.
C. Promote a balanced diet rich in calcium and iron to help mitigate lead absorption. Nutritional support is beneficial in mild to moderate cases, as calcium and iron reduce lead absorption, but it is not the first priority in extreme poisoning. Immediate medical treatment takes precedence.
D. Notify the health department to investigate potential lead exposure sources. Identifying the source of lead exposure is crucial for long-term prevention, but in cases of severe poisoning, immediate medical care is the priority before environmental interventions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "You must breastfeed to give the baby the best nutrients." While breastfeeding provides essential nutrients, it is not recommended for mothers with HIV due to the risk of viral transmission through breast milk, even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy.
B. "Breastfeeding is not recommended because of the high risk of transmission." HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, and health organizations, including the WHO and CDC, advise against breastfeeding if safe alternatives, such as formula feeding, are available. Formula feeding is the preferred method in high-resource settings.
C. "Pumped breastmilk may be given to your child." Pumping does not eliminate HIV from breast milk. The virus remains present, posing the same transmission risk as direct breastfeeding.
D. "You should sterilize your pumped breastmilk prior to feeding." There is no reliable method for sterilizing breast milk at home that effectively eliminates HIV without destroying its nutritional value. Instead, formula feeding or donor milk from screened sources is recommended.
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