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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of a 2-month-old infant who has Down Syndrome. Which of the following statements addressing cognitive ability should the nurse reinforce?

“Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome cannot be improved, so focusing on physical health is the only priority."

“Infants who have Down syndrome typically have significantly higher IQ scores compared to typically developing infants."

“Early intervention programs can mitigate cognitive impairments in infants who have Down syndrome."

“Cognitive abilities of infants who have Down syndrome are typically within the average range during the first year of life."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome cannot be improved, so focusing on physical health is the only priority." While children with Down syndrome do experience cognitive impairments, early intervention programs such as speech, occupational, and physical therapy can enhance cognitive, motor, and social development, improving their overall functioning.

B. "Infants who have Down syndrome typically have significantly higher IQ scores compared to typically developing infants." Children with Down syndrome generally have mild to moderate intellectual disability, and their IQ scores tend to be lower than typically developing peers, not higher.

C. "Early intervention programs can mitigate cognitive impairments in infants who have Down syndrome." This is correct. Early stimulation, structured learning environments, and specialized therapies can help optimize the child's cognitive potential and improve adaptive skills.

D. "Cognitive abilities of infants who have Down syndrome are typically within the average range during the first year of life." Although some developmental milestones may appear similar in early infancy, delays in cognitive and motor development often become noticeable within the first year, distinguishing children with Down syndrome from their typically developing peers.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Activity. Encouraging physical activity is not appropriate for a preschooler experiencing acute pain, as movement may worsen discomfort or delay healing. Rest is often more beneficial in managing pain from an injury.

B. Warm compress. A warm compress can help relieve muscle tension and improve blood flow, reducing pain perception in certain injuries, such as sprains or muscle aches. It is a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention for preschoolers.

C. Opioids. Opioids are not the first-line treatment for mild to moderate acute pain in children due to the risk of side effects such as respiratory depression and dependence. Less potent pain management options should be used first.

D. Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is a safe and effective analgesic for managing mild to moderate pain in children. It helps reduce discomfort and is commonly used for injuries, fevers, and post-procedural pain.

E. Guided imagery. Guided imagery is a distraction technique that can help preschoolers manage pain by shifting focus away from discomfort. Simple visualizations, like imagining a favorite place or a comforting scenario, can be effective.

F. High protein diet. While a high-protein diet supports tissue healing, it does not provide immediate pain relief. Nutritional support is important for recovery but is not a direct intervention for acute pain management.

A. "Palliative care should be given separately from curative care." B. "Clinicians should participate in the discussion with the family about the child's prognosis." C. "Parents who express hope of their child surviving are less accepting of palliative care." D. "Palliative care should be offered once a child has less than 6 months to live."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Palliative care should be given separately from curative care." Palliative care can be provided alongside curative treatments to enhance comfort and quality of life. It is not limited to end-of-life care but focuses on symptom management and emotional support throughout the illness.

B. "Clinicians should participate in the discussion with the family about the child's prognosis." Open, honest, and compassionate communication between healthcare providers and families is crucial. Clinicians help families understand the prognosis, treatment options, and goals of care, ensuring informed decision-making.

C. "Parents who express hope of their child surviving are less accepting of palliative care." Parents can hope for a cure while still accepting palliative care to improve their child's comfort and quality of life. Hope and palliative care are not mutually exclusive.

D. "Palliative care should be offered once a child has less than 6 months to live." Palliative care is not limited to a specific timeframe. It can begin at diagnosis of a serious illness and continue throughout treatment, rather than being restricted to end-of-life care.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of a 2-month-old infant who has Down Syndrome. Which of the following statements addressing cognitive ability should the nurse reinforce?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a preschooler who is experiencing acute pain from a recent injury. The child describes the pain as "achy". Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

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Explanation

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