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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of a 2-month-old infant who has Down Syndrome. Which of the following statements addressing cognitive ability should the nurse reinforce?

“Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome cannot be improved, so focusing on physical health is the only priority."

“Infants who have Down syndrome typically have significantly higher IQ scores compared to typically developing infants."

“Early intervention programs can mitigate cognitive impairments in infants who have Down syndrome."

“Cognitive abilities of infants who have Down syndrome are typically within the average range during the first year of life."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome cannot be improved, so focusing on physical health is the only priority." While children with Down syndrome do experience cognitive impairments, early intervention programs such as speech, occupational, and physical therapy can enhance cognitive, motor, and social development, improving their overall functioning.

B. "Infants who have Down syndrome typically have significantly higher IQ scores compared to typically developing infants." Children with Down syndrome generally have mild to moderate intellectual disability, and their IQ scores tend to be lower than typically developing peers, not higher.

C. "Early intervention programs can mitigate cognitive impairments in infants who have Down syndrome." This is correct. Early stimulation, structured learning environments, and specialized therapies can help optimize the child's cognitive potential and improve adaptive skills.

D. "Cognitive abilities of infants who have Down syndrome are typically within the average range during the first year of life." Although some developmental milestones may appear similar in early infancy, delays in cognitive and motor development often become noticeable within the first year, distinguishing children with Down syndrome from their typically developing peers.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Intussusception is a congenital condition where the layers of the intestinal wall do not form properly." Intussusception is not a congenital malformation but an acquired condition where one part of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and potential ischemia.

B. "Intussusception is a consequence of weakened abdominal muscles, allowing a portion of the intestine to bulge." This description is more characteristic of a hernia rather than intussusception, which involves the invagination of the intestine rather than a protrusion.

C. "Intussusception results from the twisting of the intestines, causing a blockage in the passage of food." Twisting of the intestines describes volvulus, a separate condition that can also cause bowel obstruction but occurs through a different mechanism than intussusception.

D. "Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine slides into another, which can cut off blood supply." This is the correct explanation. The telescoping of the intestine can cause bowel obstruction and compromise blood flow, leading to symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of red, currant jelly-like stools.

A. Amenorrhea B. Increased fertility C. Early onset of puberty D. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Amenorrhea. Anorexia nervosa is associated with severe weight loss and malnutrition, leading to hormonal imbalances that disrupt the menstrual cycle. Decreased estrogen levels result in amenorrhea, which is a hallmark symptom of the disorder and a significant reproductive health concern.

B. Increased fertility. Anorexia nervosa typically leads to hormonal imbalances, including decreased levels of gonadotropins and estrogen, which suppress ovulation and reduce fertility rather than increasing it.

C. Early onset of puberty. Malnutrition and low body fat delay puberty rather than accelerating it. Adolescents with anorexia nervosa may experience delayed menarche and stunted growth due to inadequate nutrition.

D. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections and is not directly associated with anorexia nervosa. The primary reproductive concern in anorexia is hormonal disruption leading to menstrual irregularities.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of a 2-month-old infant who has Down Syndrome. Which of the following statements addressing cognitive ability should the nurse reinforce?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing education to parents of an infant who has intussusception. Which of the following statements would the nurse provide to the parents?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assisting with planning care for a 17-year-old client who may have anorexia nervosa (AN). Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a common reproductive health concern for this client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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