A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

The oliguric phase lasts for 2 days.

The client's urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hours.

The oliguric phase begins within 1 month of the injury.

The client's BUN and creatinine decreases during this phase.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The oliguric phase of AKI typically lasts longer than 2 days. It can extend from several days to weeks, depending on the underlying cause and the response to treatment.
B.   During the oliguric phase of AKI, urine output is significantly reduced. Typically, urine output is less than 400 mL per day, but it can vary widely based on the severity of kidney injury and individual factors.
C.   The oliguric phase of AKI usually begins within a few days to a week after the initial injury. It is characterized by a sudden decrease in urine output and may be accompanied by electrolyte imbalances and fluid overload.
D.   During the oliguric phase of AKI, there is typically a buildup of waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the blood. These levels rise because the kidneys are unable to effectively filter and excrete waste products. Therefore, BUN and creatinine levels usually increase during the oliguric phase.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This statement demonstrates an understanding that consuming yogurt can potentially help reduce the odor associated with gas. Yogurt contains probiotics, which can promote digestive health and possibly reduce the intensity of gas odors. This is a reasonable approach for managing symptoms related to colostomy.
B. Carbonated beverages are not typically recommended for controlling odor related to a colostomy. In fact, carbonated drinks can sometimes increase gas production and may exacerbate gas-related symptoms. Therefore, this statement does not indicate an appropriate understanding of dietary management for a colostomy.
C. Pasta and other starchy foods like rice and bread are generally well-tolerated and can help thicken stool consistency, which may be beneficial for individuals with a colostomy. Therefore, eliminating pasta from the diet is not necessary and does not reflect an accurate understanding of dietary recommendations post-colostomy.
D. Distributing meals evenly throughout the day is generally recommended to promote balanced nutrition and manage digestion. There is no specific requirement that the largest meal must be in the evening. This statement does not directly relate to dietary management specific to colostomy care.

A. "You should stop because you need to. You are destroying your health." B. "Do you have any idea why you do this?" C. "I'm proud of you for recognizing that this behavior is not normal." D. "It seems like you are feeling helpless about this behavior."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This response may come across as judgmental or directive, which can be perceived as dismissive of the client's struggle. It does not acknowledge the complexity of the disorder or the client's feelings of helplessness, potentially hindering open communication and trust.
B. While this question encourages exploration of the underlying reasons for the behavior, it might feel probing or intrusive to the client. It could be interpreted as focusing solely on the behavior itself rather than acknowledging the client's recognition of its abnormality or their feelings of helplessness.
C. This response acknowledges and validates the client's awareness of the problem, which can be empowering. It reinforces the client's self-awareness and readiness to address their behavior, promoting a therapeutic alliance based on mutual understanding and respect.
D. This response demonstrates empathy and understanding of the client's feelings. It acknowledges the emotional struggle the client is experiencing and opens the door for further exploration of their feelings and thoughts. It encourages the client to express their emotions and concerns, which is essential in building a supportive therapeutic relationship.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client following the surgical placement of a colostomy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 20-year-old college student who has a 2-year history of bulimia nervosa. She tells the nurse. "I know my eating binges and vomiting are not normal, but I cannot do anything about them." Which of the following is a therapeutic response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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