A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking benztropine to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?
Excessive salvation
Difficulty voiding
Diarrhea
Slow pulse
The Correct Answer is B
A. Excessive salivation:
Excessive salivation is not a common adverse effect of benztropine. Instead, anticholinergic medications like benztropine often cause dry mouth, which is more common than excessive salivation.
B. Difficulty voiding:
Difficulty voiding, or urinary retention, is a potential adverse effect of anticholinergic medications like benztropine. Anticholinergic drugs can cause relaxation of the detrusor muscle in the bladder, leading to urinary retention. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to report any difficulty or inability to urinate.
C. Diarrhea:
Diarrhea is not a common adverse effect of benztropine. Instead, anticholinergic medications like benztropine typically cause constipation due to their antimuscarinic effects on the gastrointestinal tract.
D. Slow pulse:
Slow pulse, or bradycardia, is not a common adverse effect of benztropine. Instead, anticholinergic medications like benztropine may cause tachycardia (increased heart rate) due to their effects on the autonomic nervous system.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increased blinking
Increased blinking is not a typical manifestation of bradykinesia. In fact, individuals with Parkinson's disease may experience reduced blinking (hypokinesia of blinking) rather than increased blinking.
B. States of euphoria
Euphoria is not typically associated with bradykinesia. Instead, individuals with Parkinson's disease may experience a range of mood changes, including depression, anxiety, or apathy, but euphoria is not a common finding.
C. Slurred speech
This is the correct answer. Slurred speech, or dysarthria, can occur in individuals with Parkinson's disease as a result of bradykinesia affecting the muscles involved in speech production. Bradykinesia can cause a reduction in the speed and coordination of movements necessary for clear speech, resulting in slurred or mumbled speech patterns.
D. Decreased respiratory rate
Decreased respiratory rate is not typically associated with bradykinesia. Bradykinesia primarily affects voluntary movements rather than involuntary processes such as respiration. While respiratory muscle weakness can occur in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, it is not directly related to bradykinesia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 4 hours:
This option indicates that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) must be administered within 4 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms to be considered as a drug therapy option. tPA is a thrombolytic medication used to dissolve blood clots in ischemic stroke, and its effectiveness is highest when administered promptly after the onset of symptoms.
B. 1 hour:
Administering tPA within 1 hour of stroke onset would be extremely challenging and impractical. It typically takes time for patients to recognize stroke symptoms, seek medical attention, and undergo diagnostic evaluations before tPA administration. While time is of the essence in stroke treatment, 1 hour is too short of a timeframe for most patients to receive tPA.
C. 24 hours:
Administering tPA beyond 4.5 hours of stroke onset is generally contraindicated due to the increased risk of complications, including hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke. While there may be some extended time windows considered for certain patients under specific circumstances, such as those meeting eligibility criteria for extended thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours is outside the standard timeframe for tPA administration.
D. 8 hours:
While tPA administration within 8 hours of stroke onset may be feasible for some patients, it is beyond the standard recommended time window for optimal effectiveness. As mentioned earlier, tPA is most effective when administered within the first 3 to 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms, with earlier administration associated with better outcomes.
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