Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?

Choice A rationale

While a sudden and significant asymmetry in breast size or shape could indicate a new issue such as inflammation or a growth and warrants investigation, a slight, long-standing asymmetry is quite common among women. It does not automatically signify a pathological condition.

Choice B rationale

It is a well-established fact that many women have some degree of natural asymmetry in their breast size and shape. However, it is crucial for the nurse to ascertain if this finding is new for the patient. A recent change in asymmetry could be a sign of a developing condition that requires further evaluation.

Choice C rationale

While any new or significant asymmetry should be evaluated by a physician to rule out underlying issues, a long-standing, slight asymmetry is a common physiological variation and does not necessarily require immediate referral unless other concerning signs or symptoms are present.

Choice D rationale

Breastfeeding can sometimes cause temporary changes in breast size due to milk production and engorgement, and one breast might produce slightly more milk than the other. However, a noticeable and persistent asymmetry might predate breastfeeding or persist beyond it, and while it might be benign, attributing it solely to breastfeeding without further assessment of its history is not prudent. .

Choice A rationale

Trouble chewing foods such as meats and raw vegetables is more indicative of mechanical issues with chewing or dental problems rather than dysphagia, which primarily involves difficulty with swallowing. While chewing difficulties can sometimes coexist with dysphagia, the primary characteristic of dysphagia is impaired bolus transport from the mouth to the stomach.

Choice B rationale

Awakenings with a feeling of indigestion suggest issues related to gastric motility or acid reflux, not necessarily dysphagia. Indigestion involves discomfort in the upper abdomen, often related to the digestion of food in the stomach, whereas dysphagia is focused on the process of swallowing.

Choice C rationale

A feeling of choking after swallowing is a classic symptom of dysphagia. It indicates that food or liquid is not passing smoothly from the pharynx to the esophagus and may be entering the airway. This occurs due to impaired coordination or weakness of the muscles involved in swallowing.

Choice D rationale

Frequent burping, or eructation, is typically related to the release of excess gas from the stomach, often due to swallowed air or the breakdown of food. It is not a primary indicator of dysphagia, which is a disorder of the swallowing mechanism.