Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?

NPO until dysphagia subsides.

Initiation of total parenteral nutrition.

Mechanical soft diet.

Supplements via NG tube.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

NPO (nothing by mouth) until dysphagia subsides might be a temporary measure immediately following a stroke to prevent aspiration. However, prolonged NPO status can lead to malnutrition and dehydration. The plan of care should aim for the safest and most effective route for nutritional support as soon as feasible, considering the patient's swallowing ability.

Choice B rationale

Initiation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrition intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. TPN is typically reserved for patients with a non-functional or severely impaired digestive system. For a patient with dysphagia after a stroke, if the gastrointestinal tract is functional, enteral feeding (via a feeding tube) is often preferred over TPN due to its physiological benefits and lower risk of complications.

Choice C rationale

A mechanical soft diet consists of foods that are easy to chew and swallow. The texture of the food is altered (e.g., pureed, mashed, ground) to reduce the effort required for mastication and swallowing, thereby decreasing the risk of aspiration in patients with dysphagia. This type of diet is a common nutritional therapy for individuals with mild to moderate swallowing difficulties following a stroke.

Choice D rationale

Supplements via NG tube (nasogastric tube) involve delivering liquid nutritional formulas directly into the stomach through a tube inserted into the nose and down the esophagus. While an NG tube can provide necessary nutrition for patients with dysphagia, a gastrostomy tube (G-tube or PEG tube), placed directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall, is often preferred for long-term enteral feeding as it is generally more comfortable and less likely to cause irritation than an NG tube.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which cells use for fuel to perform various functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and maintaining body temperature.

Choice B rationale

Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, are minerals that carry an electrical charge and are crucial for fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. While some foods containing carbohydrates may also contain electrolytes, providing energy is not their primary function. Normal ranges for serum sodium are 135-145 mEq/L, potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L, and chloride is 95-105 mEq/L.

Choice C rationale

Minerals are inorganic substances that the body needs for various functions, including building strong bones, transmitting nerve impulses, and maintaining fluid balance. Examples include calcium, iron, and zinc. While essential, they are not primarily known for providing direct energy. Normal ranges for serum calcium are 8.5-10.5 mg/dL, iron varies by gender (males: 65-175 mcg/dL, females: 50-170 mcg/dL), and zinc is 70-120 mcg/dL.

Choice D rationale

Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts for various metabolic processes. They do not directly provide energy but help the body utilize energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Examples include vitamin C, vitamin D, and B vitamins. Normal ranges vary widely depending on the specific vitamin.

Correct Answer is ["1"]

Explanation

The correct answer is 1 mL.

Step 1 is: Examine the medication label to determine the concentration of epoetin. The label indicates a concentration of 30,000 units per 1 mL.

Step 2 is: Set up the calculation to find the volume needed by dividing the ordered dose by the concentration: 30,000 units ÷ (30,000 units/mL).

Step 3 is: Perform the division: 30,000 ÷ 30,000 = 1.

Step 4 is: The units cancel out, leaving the volume in milliliters: 1 mL. Final answer is 1 mL.

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Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of balancing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the diet.The nurse identifies that the teaching about carbohydrates is understood when the patient states that carbohydrates are known for providing which of the following?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The physician orders epoetin 30,000 units subcutaneously for anemia. The medication is per the provided label on the supplemental exam sheet. How many milliliters will the nurse administer? SEE LABEL #1 for drug availability.

Correct Answer is ["1"]

Explanation

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