The MD orders insulin lispro 17 units subcutaneous.

The medication is supplied in 100 units/mL. How many mL will the nurse administer?

Choice A rationale

After menopause, the ovaries significantly reduce estrogen and progesterone production. These hormones play a crucial role in maintaining the size and elasticity of breast tissue, including the glandular and fat components. With decreased hormonal support, these tissues atrophy, leading to a reduction in breast volume and a loss of skin elasticity, consequently causing the breasts to sag.

Choice B rationale

While adequate protein intake is essential for overall muscle health, including the pectoral muscles that lie beneath the breasts, it does not directly prevent the atrophy of glandular and fat tissue within the breasts that occurs due to hormonal changes after menopause. Therefore, a high-protein diet alone will not counteract breast sagging caused by these physiological changes.

Choice C rationale

The breasts themselves do not contain significant amounts of muscle tissue. The support for the breasts comes primarily from Cooper's ligaments, which are connective tissues, and the skin's elasticity. Sagging is mainly attributed to the weakening of these supportive structures and the atrophy of glandular and fat tissue after menopause, not a decrease in muscle mass within the breast.

Choice D rationale

Breast sagging after menopause is a common physiological change experienced by many women, regardless of their breast size. While larger breasts may appear to sag more noticeably due to their weight, the underlying cause is hormonal changes affecting tissue elasticity and volume, which occurs in women with all breast sizes.

Step 1: Convert ounces to milliliters for oral intake. 8 ounces of coffee × 30 mL/ounce = 240 mL. 3 ounces of juice × 30 mL/ounce = 90 mL. 12 ounces of soda × 30 mL/ounce = 360 mL.

Step 2: Calculate the amount of water consumed from the pitcher. Initial amount - Remaining amount = Consumed amount. 800 mL - 200 mL = 600 mL.

Step 3: Calculate the total oral fluid intake. Coffee + Juice + Soda + Water = Total oral intake. 240 mL + 90 mL + 360 mL + 600 mL = 1290 mL.

Step 4: Calculate the total IV fluid intake over 8 hours. IV rate × Time = Total IV fluid. 40 mL/hour × 8 hours = 320 mL.

Step 5: Calculate the total fluid intake (oral + IV). Total oral intake + Total IV fluid = Total intake. 1290 mL + 320 mL = 1610 mL.

The nurse should document 1610 mL as the client's total intake for the shift.