A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results and notes a decreased serum albumin level. What is the significance of decreased serum albumin in diagnosing nephrotic syndrome?
It indicates fluid overload and hypertension.
It confirms the presence of proteinuria.
It supports the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis.
It suggests significant protein loss in the urine.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Incorrect. Decreased serum albumin levels may contribute to fluid overload and hypertension in nephrotic syndrome, but they are not the primary indicators of these complications.
B. Incorrect. A decreased serum albumin level alone does not confirm the presence of proteinuria, which requires additional tests, such as a 24-hour urine collection for protein quantification.
C. Incorrect. Decreased serum albumin levels are not directly related to the presence of renal vein thrombosis, although nephrotic syndrome can increase the risk of thromboembolic events.
D. Correct. In nephrotic syndrome, the glomerular damage results in significant proteinuria, leading to decreased serum albumin levels. The loss of albumin in the urine contributes to hypoalbuminemia, a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. While increased cholesterol synthesis in the liver can contribute to hyperlipidemia, it is not the primary reason for elevated lipid levels in nephrotic syndrome.
B. Incorrect. Impaired fat absorption in the small intestine is not a significant factor contributing to hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome.
C. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome results in increased protein loss, including proteins involved in lipid transport and metabolism. Reduced clearance of lipids by the kidneys leads to elevated lipid levels in the bloodstream.
D. Incorrect. Elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance are not directly related to hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome.
QUESTIONS
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Hematuria (blood in the urinE. and dysuria (painful urination) are not characteristic manifestations of nephrotic syndrome. Instead, they may indicate other kidney conditions or infections.
B. Incorrect. While clients with nephrotic syndrome may experience increased urine output (polyuriA. and nighttime urination (nocturiA. due to fluid imbalances, these are not the primary clinical manifestations.
C. Correct. Frothy, foamy urine output is a classic sign of nephrotic syndrome due to the presence of excessive protein (proteinuriA. in the urine. This foamy appearance is caused by the high levels of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine.
D. Incorrect. Suprapubic tenderness and urgency are not typical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome and may indicate other urinary tract or bladder issues.
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