A nurse is reviewing the EKG strip of a client who has End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and has missed hemodialysis. Which of the following abnormalities on the client's EKG should the nurse interpret as a sign of hyperkalemia?

A. Poorly coordinated care and nosocomial infections are examples of errors: Poorly coordinated care, such as miscommunication between healthcare providers or lack of continuity in care, and nosocomial infections (infections acquired in the healthcare setting) are examples of errors that can compromise patient safety and contribute to adverse events.

B. Handoff errors are not causes of adverse events: Handoff errors, including miscommunication during transitions of care, are significant contributors to adverse events in healthcare settings. Improper handoffs can lead to misunderstandings, delays in treatment, and errors in medication administration.

C. Medication errors are intentional: Medication errors are unintended and can occur due to various factors, including human error, system failures, and communication breakdowns. They are not intentional acts.

D. As many as 10% of medication errors are preventable: Medication errors are often preventable with the implementation of safety measures such as barcode scanning, medication reconciliation, and standardized protocols. The percentage of preventable medication errors may vary depending on the healthcare setting and the effectiveness of safety initiatives.

A. Isolation gown: Isolation gowns are used as part of contact precautions or airborne precautions for specific infectious diseases that require additional transmission-based precautions beyond standard precautions. However, standard precautions are generally sufficient for caring for clients with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy.

B. Contact isolation: Contact isolation is used for patients with known or suspected infections that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment. HIV does not require contact isolation unless there are additional infections or conditions present that warrant contact precautions.
C. Standard precautions: Standard precautions are the basic infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of the suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient. This includes practices such as hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, gown, mask, eye protection) when indicated, and safe injection practices. Standard precautions should be used for all patients, including those with HIV, to prevent the transmission of infectious agents.
D. Respiratory isolation: Respiratory isolation is used for patients with known or suspected respiratory infections that are transmitted through respiratory droplets. HIV is not transmitted through respiratory droplets and does not require respiratory isolation.