A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has liver failure with ascites. The client takes spironolactone. Which of the following findings is an adverse effect of themedication?

Serum chloride 99 mEq/L

Serum calcium 10.5 mg/dL

Serum potassium 5.2

Serum sodium 140 mEq/L.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

a. Serum chloride 99 mEq/L: Serum chloride within the reference range is not an adverse effect of spironolactone.

b. Serum calcium 10.5 mg/dL: Serum calcium within the reference range is not an adverse effect of spironolactone.

c. Serum potassium 5.2: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and an elevated serum potassium level is an adverse effect that requires monitoring. The nurse should assess for

hyperkalemia.

d. Serum sodium 140 mEq/L: Serum sodium within the reference range is not an adverse effect of spironolactone.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a. Ineffective airway clearance: This is the priority as it addresses the immediate threat to the client's respiratory status. Accumulation of thick, copious secretions can lead to airway

obstruction and respiratory distress.

b. Malnourishment: While important, addressing malnourishment is not an immediate

postoperative priority. The client may receive nutrition through alternative means until normal swallowing function is restored.

c. High risk for infection: Infection is a concern, but ensuring airway clearance takes precedence in the immediate postoperative period.

d. Impaired verbal communication: Verbal communication is important, but it is not as immediate a concern as ensuring the airway is clear to prevent respiratory compromise.

A. Three to seven days after menses stops. B. On the same day every month. C. Prior to the beginning of menses. D. On the second day of menstruation.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a. Three to seven days after menses stops: Performing BSE a few days after menstruation allows the breasts to return to a more baseline state, reducing the influence of hormonal changes on

breast tissue.

b. On the same day every month: Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can affect breast tissue, and performing BSE on the same day every month may not provide consistent conditions for examination.

c. Prior to the beginning of menses: Hormonal changes before menstruation can lead to breast tenderness and changes, potentially affecting the accuracy of the examination.

d. On the second day of menstruation: Hormonal changes and potential breast tenderness during the early days of menstruation may not be the optimal time for BSE.

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