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A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of action of IUDs with a group of nursing students.

Which of the following statements by a student indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A.

“IUDs immobilize sperm and interfere with their migration from the vagina to the fallopian tubes.”.

B.

“IUDs speed up the transport of the ovum through the fallopian tube.”.

C.

“IUDs inhibit fertilization and cause lysis of the blastocyst.”.

D.

All of the above

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

All of the above.

This is because IUDs have multiple mechanisms of action that prevent fertilization and implantation of the ovum. According to the search results, some of these mechanisms are:

  • IUDs immobilize sperm and interfere with their migration from the vagina to the fallopian tubes. This is because copper ions released from copper IUDs are toxic for spermatozoa and impair their motility and viability. Hormonal IUDs also thicken the cervical mucus, which blocks sperm from entering the uterus.
  • IUDs speed up the transport of the ovum through the fallopian tube. This is because IUDs induce a local inflammatory reaction in the endometrium, which affects the signaling between the uterus and the ovary and alters the tubal motility. This reduces the chances of fertilization by shortening the time window for sperm-egg interaction.
  • IUDs inhibit fertilization and cause lysis of the blastocyst. This is because IUDs affect the function or viability of gametes, decreasing the rate of fertilization and lowering the chances of survival of any embryo that may be formed. IUDs also interfere with implantation of the fertilized ovum by creating a hostile environment in the uterine cavity.

Choice A is wrong because it only describes one mechanism of action of IUDs, not all of them.

Choice B is wrong because it only describes another mechanism of action of IUDs, not all of them.

Choice C is wrong because it only describes yet another mechanism of action of IUDs, not all of them.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse should include all of the following information in the teaching:

  • The typical failure rate for IUDs is 1% to 3% per year.
  • This means that out of 100 women who use an IUD for a year, one to three may get pregnant.
  • The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is highest in the first 6 weeks after insertion.
  • PID is an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause infertility, chronic pain, or ectopic pregnancy.
  • The risk of PID is higher if the woman or her partner has multiple sexual partners or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
  • The IUD can be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle.
  • However, some doctors may prefer to insert it during or right after the period, when the cervix is more open and the chance of pregnancy is lower.

Choice A is wrong because it only states one piece of information that the nurse should include in the teaching.

Choice B is wrong because it only states one piece of information that the nurse should include in the teaching.

Choice C is wrong because it only statesone piece of information that the nurse should include in the teaching

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice C. OCs can decrease menstrual blood loss and cramps.This is because OCs prevent ovulation and thin the lining of the uterus, which reduces the amount of bleeding and cramping during menstruation.

Choice A is wrong because OCs do not provide protection against STIs.The only contraceptive methods that can prevent STIs are barrier methods, such as condoms.

Choice B is wrong because OCs can have variable effects on libido and sexual satisfaction.

Some women may experience an increase, while others may experience a decrease or no change at all.This depends on individual factors, such as hormone levels, mood, and relationship quality.

Choice D is wrong because OCs can also have variable effects on mood and depression.

Some women may experience an improvement, while others may experience a worsening or no change at all.This also depends on individual factors, such as hormone sensitivity, stress, and history of mental health problems.

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